The recognition that cells of the vascular wall can secrete cytokines such as IL-1 suggests new mechanisms for initiating or sustaining inflammatory responses in blood vessels. We report that purified human monocyte-derived IL-1 or recombinant human IL-1 (rIL-1 beta and rIL-1 alpha) induce cultured human smooth muscle cells derived from veins or arteries to synthesize IL-1 beta mRNA and produce...

Abstract The type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 reside within a tandem multi-gene cluster in mammals. These cytokines represent the hallmark of immune responses controlling parasites, promoting tissue repair as well causing allergic diseases. Both innate adaptive lymphocytes secrete with discordant production spectra. However, how those two related but distinct configure exten...

Results. Little expression of IL-la, IL-1/3, and TNF genes was observed in normal ICB. IL-la gene expression began to increase (about 10-fold greater than that of the control) as early as 1 hour after the LPS treatment, reached a peak (about 100-fold) at 3 to 6 hours. A second peak (60-fold) was observed at 24 hours, and the expression returned to near basal levels (3-fold) at 48 hours. Express...