Plants and invertebrates can protect themselves from viral infection through RNA silencing. This antiviral immunity involves production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs) and results in specific silencing of viruses by viRNA-guided effector complexes. The proteins required for viRNA production as well as several key downstream components of the antiviral immunity pathway have been...

Humans, animals, and plants are constantly under attack from pathogens and pests, resulting in severe consequences on global human health and crop production. Small RNA (sRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved regulatory mechanism that is involved in almost all eukaryotic cellular processes, including host immunity and pathogen virulence. Recent evidence supports the significant c...

The deployment of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is crucial to the development autonomous vehicles. Radio frequency (RF) technology has been employed transmit messages between vehicles and infrastructure in VANET. However, limited RF bands may cause interference when a high-density environment. Moreover, numerous at same time, simultaneous transmissions channel congestion. While issue signal ...

Viruses are obligate, intracellular pathogens that must manipulate and exploit host molecular mechanisms to prosper in the hostile cellular environment. Here we review the strategies used by viruses to evade the immunity controlled by 21- to 26-nt small RNAs. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are encoded by genetically diverse viruses infecting plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. VS...

RNA silencing plays an important role in development through the action of microRNAs, which fine tune the expression of a large portion of the genome. It is also very important in innate immune responses, especially in antiviral and antibacterial defenses in plants, insects, and animals. Two recent papers now indicate that apicomplexan parasites display the ability to interfere with host microR...

Influenza is an infectious disease that primarily attacks the respiratory system. Innate immunity provides both a very early defense to influenza virus invasion and an effective control of viral growth. Previous modelling studies of virus-innate immune response interactions have focused on infection with a single virus and, while improving our understanding of viral and immune dynamics, have be...

This article describes in detail principles of manufacturing DC on-board harness for spacecraft based on a new 3D design technology. technology puts together all activities production, starting from electrical and up to the final product readiness. Based analysis performed we proposed: necessary software, methods wires connector contacts connection, applicable connectors available Russian Europ...

Small non-coding RNAs constitute an important class of gene expression regulators that control different biological processes in most eukaryotes. In plants, several small RNA (sRNA) silencing pathways have evolved to produce a wide range of small RNAs with specialized functions. Evidence for the diverse mode of action of the small RNA pathways has been highlighted during plant-microbe interacti...

The article considers the specific features of radar observations surrounding navigation situation in ice radars (IR) polar latitudes and reasons their possible decreasing effectiveness. There is described a negative effect radio waves received by IR due to reflection from hydrometeorological formations that occupy large area scanned space. ways improving operation creating necessary conditions...