Introduction High tunnel production is increasing in Iowa as they provide protection from wind and frost and help extend the growing season. Although production aspects inside high tunnels are similar to field production, high tunnel environment is challenging especially when it comes to temperature management. During summer, temperatures rise fairly quickly in high tunnels and can detrimentall...

Due to urbanization and population increase, need for metro tunnels, has been considerably increased in urban areas. Estimating the surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation is an important task especially where the tunnels are excavated in urban areas or beneath important structures. Many models have been established for this purpose by extracting the relationship between the settlement a...

The seismic behaviour of underground structures is generally satisfactory compared to the above-ground ones. However, despite of the buried structure confinement, in recent strong seismic events some underground structure as tunnels, pipelines and tanks suffered high damage; for this reason, a strong effort is focused to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of these structure and to give codes in...

Transient propagation of information across neuronal assembles is thought to underlie many cognitive processes. However, the nature of the neural code that is embedded within these transmissions remains uncertain. Much of our understanding of how information is transmitted among these assemblies has been derived from computational models. While these models have been instrumental in understandi...

We study the effect of the magnetic field orientation on the electroabsorp-tion spectra of excitons confined in extremely shallow quantum wells. When the applied electric field is parallel to the quantum well plane, we demonstrate that, for in–plane magnetic field orientation, the discrete confined exciton peak undergoes a transition into a continuum resonance. In contrast, for perpendicular ma...

Substantial amounts of dead wood in the intertidal zone of mature mangrove forests are tunnelled by teredinid bivalves. When the tunnels are exposed, animals are able to use tunnels as refuges. In this study, the effect of teredinid tunnelling upon mangrove forest faunal diversity was investigated. Mangrove forests exposed to long emersion times had fewer teredinid tunnels in wood and wood not ...

A simple deterministic accounting model was used to predict the rate at which a colonising stoat (Mustela erminea L.) population would reach specified sizes. The model was used to explore how the size and composition of the founder population, and the survival schedule to which it was exposed, influenced this rate. A function used in disease surveillance was modified to predict the number of tr...

The work presented in this thesis belongs to the computer music field as well as to the virtual reality field. First, we describe the advantages of immersive virtual environments and of 3D graphical interaction for multiprocess instruments and particularly for the hierarchical live-looping, a new instrument model that we define. We then suggest solutions to visualize and manipulate sound proces...

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is substantially more challenging than primary reconstruction. Management of previously malpositioned or widened tunnels often requires innovative approaches for managing bony defects. Massive osteolysis with poor bone stock and convergence or overlapping of revision tunnels into the previously placed tunnels may necessitate a staged revi...