Alday, Gaiotto, and Tachikawa conjectured relations between certain 4d N = 2 supersymmetric field theories and 2d Liouville conformal field theory. We study generalizations of these relations to 4d theories with surface operators. For one type of surface operators the corresponding 2d theory is the WZW model, and for another type — the Liouville theory with insertions of extra degenerate fields...

To judge whether the memristor can be interpreted as the fourth fundamental circuit element, we propose a variable-relation criterion of fundamental circuit elements. According to the criterion, we investigate the nature of three fundamental circuit elements and the memristor. From the perspective of variables relation, the memristor builds a direct relation between the voltage across it and th...

To judge whether the memristor can be interpreted as the fourth fundamental circuit element, we propose a variable-relation criterion of fundamental circuit elements. According to the criterion, we investigate the nature of three fundamental circuit elements and the memristor. From the perspective of variables relation, the memristor builds a direct relation between the voltage across it and th...

This paper investigates the existence of trade-off relationship between unemployment and inflation in the Jordanian economy between 1984 and 2011. Each of Granger-causality test is adopted to check relationship between variables and the direction of causation. Since these techniques are sensitive to stationary, integration and co-integration of the variables ADF and PP tests is applied to test ...