application of bio-fertilizers, especially mycorrhiza as substituent or complement of chemical fertilizers is one of the most important strategies for plant nutrition in sustainable management of agro-ecosystems. in order to evaluate the separated and integrated application of mycorrhiza biological fertilizer and phosphorus chemical fertilizers on growth indices of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.)...

To explore monolithically integrated phototransmitters, a graded-index quantum well laser was integrated with a selectivity regrown heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The laser utilized a p-up configuration, and the HBT used collector down geometry. This scheme allowed the devices to be interconnected through the n +-GaAs substrate. The threshold current (It,,) for the ridge waveguide las...