INTRODUCTION Insulin degludec (degludec) is a basal insulin with an ultra-long, stable action profile and reduced pharmacodynamic variability. Seven phase 3a trials compared degludec with insulin glargine (glargine). Patient-level meta-analyses were performed to obtain a comprehensive overview of differences between the insulin preparations, possible because consistent outcome definitions were ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic dose-response effects of insulin glargine administered subcutaneously in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty obese type 2 diabetic individuals (10 male and 10 female, aged 50 +/- 3 years, with BMI 36 +/- 2 kg/m(2) and A1C 8.3 +/- 0.6%) were studied in this single-center, placebo-controlled, randomi...

Background: Hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Scheduled Subcutaneous Insulin therapy has been recommended for better glycemic control. Aims: To compare efficacy and safety of traditional sliding scale insulin (SSI) versus modified 70/30 insulin versus basal plus supplemental scale (SS) insulin regimens for glycemic control of inpatients with diabe...

OBJECTIVE Observational studies examining the association between long-acting insulin analogs and cancer incidence have produced inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review of these studies, focusing on their methodological strengths and weaknesses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 2000 to 2014 to identify all observational studies eval...

We have previously shown that insulin plays an important role in the nutrient-induced insulin resistance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to excess long-acting insulin (glargine) can cause typical type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in normal mice fed on a chow diet. C57BL/6 mice were treated with glargine once a day for 8 weeks, followed by evaluations of food intake,...

Insulin treatment Basal insulin. Malcolm Nattrass (Birmingham, U.K.) discussed basal insulin analogs, noting that the ideal approach will lead to “a flat profile that is reproducible.” The development of basal insulin began with protamine zinc insulin in 1936, followed by NPH insulin in 1946 and zinc insulins lente, semilente, and ultralente in 1951. All of these preparations have high variabil...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of transferring type 2 diabetes patients to an insulin detemir regimen after failure to achieve adequate control with oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) alone, or in combination with neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin, or with insulin glargine in Germany. METHODS A computer simulation model of diabetes was used to make long-term proje...

AIMS The aim of this study was to compare long-term safety and efficacy of the basal insulin analogue degludec with glargine in insulin-naive subjects with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS This open-label trial included a 52-week core period followed by a 52-week extension. Participants were randomized 3:1 to once-daily degludec or glargine, administered with metformin ± dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibi...

OBJECTIVE This study compared the durability of glycemic control of twice-daily insulin lispro mix 75/25 (LM75/25: 75% insulin lispro protamine suspension/25% lispro) and once-daily insulin glargine, added to oral antihyperglycemic drugs in type 2 diabetes patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS During the initiation phase, patients were randomized to LM75/25 or glargine. After 6 months, patien...