F rom the viewpoint of economic theories, total factor productivity (TFP) is the most important component that leads to economic growth and development. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge-based economy on total factor productivity in the member countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. For this purpose, the panel data regression analysis ha...

f rom the viewpoint of economic theories, total factor productivity (tfp) is the most important component that leads to economic growth and development. the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge-based economy on total factor productivity in the member countries of the middle east and north africa (mena) region. for this purpose, the panel data regression analysis ha...

the international relations is shaped to answer of order dilemma. the most important topic the theories of this discipline deal with is presenting a model of order by the players acting in the arena of international system. the purpose of the present article is to know what the theoretical approach of international relations concerning the problem of post cold war is. it seems that the discipli...

In The Architecture of Inclusion, Susan Sturm outlines a framework for developing inclusive institutions and for building the structural supports necessary to sustain inclusiveness.1 She develops three ideas key to the task of creating and facilitating institutional inclusiveness: 1) the development of a norm of institutional citizenship as a justification and goal for diversity initiatives, 2)...

in recent years, various attempts have been made by media managers to achieve a framework to move from conventional newsrooms to convergent newsrooms.so it seems that the recognition of obstacles and barriers faced by newsrooms attaches of great importance. this research is a complete series of these challenges in four categories, including: technological, organizational, cultural and instituti...

Institutional innovation has been the core problem of the new institutionalism economics. Following North D. C. (1981, 1990)’s pioneer contributions, many scholars go along the direction pointed by North. Current research mainly concerns the following aspects: 1) The mechanism of institutional changes (for example, Davis and North,1975, cf. North, 1981); 2) The way of institutional changes (Art...

Protecting the safety and welfare of clinical trial subjects is the primary responsibility of the multidisciplinary ethics committee. In India, ethics committees have come under increasing criticism for functioning as "secret societies unaccountable to the public" (1). Yet, little effort has been made to undertake qualitative research on the ethics review bodies. This article describes the esse...

OBJECTIVE To compare the attitudes toward and perceptions of institutional practices that can influence patient safety between all professional groups at a university medical center. DESIGN A questionnaire measuring nine dimensions of organizational and safety culture was distributed to all hospital workers. Each item was rated on a 1 ('strongly disagree') to 5 ('strongly agree') scale. PAR...