This note describes the inside-outside algorithm. The inside-outside algorithm has very important applications to statistical models based on context-free grammars. In particular, it is used in EM estimation of probabilistic context-free grammars, and it is used in estimation of discriminative models for context-free parsing. As we will see, the inside-outside algorithm has many similarities to...

Introduction: High sound, is an occupational and environmental hazard common. Hospitals as medical and health care setting are affected by noise sources. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the noise pollution in Shiraz hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study in different parts and the area around the 8 educational and non-educational hospitals in Shiraz was performed. For...

In the light of various studies carried out in various socio-economic areas, scientific and cultural development has been introduced as a prerequisite and fundamental factor for sustainable development of the societies. Obviously, universities, as a "scientific and intellectual command center of the society" have a fundamental and unique role and function. In order to achieve this, the most sig...

This paper gives an insight to some of the intrinsic issues related to the understanding and the computer support of conceptual design. On the one hand, the academic research and development have produced innumerable methods and techniques to support product conceptualization. Reasonable progress has been achieved in (a) the understanding of the fundamental reasoning mechanisms, (b) the develop...

This paper describes our contribution in Opinion Target Extraction OTE and Sentiment Polarity sub tasks of SemEval 2015 ABSA task. A CRF model with IOB notation has been adopted for OTE with several groups of features including syntactic, lexical, semantic, sentiment lexicon features. Our submission for OTE is ranked fifth over twenty submissions. A Logistic Regression model with a weighting sc...

A new type of stochastic grammars is introduced for investigation: weakly restricted stochastic grammars. In this paper we will concentrate on the consistency problem. To nd conditions for stochastic grammars to be consistent, the theory of multitype Galton-Watson branching processes and generating functions is of central importance. The unrestricted stochastic grammar formalism generates the s...

We describe two new strategies to automatic bracketing of parallel corpora, with particular application to languages where prior grammar resources are scarce: (1) coarse bilingual grammars, and (2) unsupervised training of such grammars via EM (expectation-maximization). Both methods build upon a formalism we recently introduced called stochastic inversion transduction grammars. The first appro...

Parameter tuning is a key problem for statistical machine translation (SMT). Most popular parameter tuning algorithms for SMT are agnostic of decoding, resulting in parameters vulnerable to search errors in decoding. The recent research of “search-aware tuning” (Liu and Huang, 2014) addresses this problem by considering the partial derivations in every decoding step so that the promising ones a...

In this paper, we present a semantic role labeler (or chunker) that groups syntactic chunks (i.e. base phrases) into the arguments of a predicate. This is accomplished by casting the semantic labeling as the classification of syntactic chunks (e.g. NP-chunk, PP-chunk) into one of several classes such as the beginning of an argument (B-ARG), inside an argument (I-ARG) and outside an argument (O)...

This paper utilizes Yamcha, a SVM tool designed by Taku Kudo, to train an NP-chunking model for Chinese. In addition to IOB and two words surrounding the focused word, we experimented on new features and exploited unlabeled data from web pages to enhance the previous model. Our experiments with supervised learning indicate that our chosen feature sets outperform those reported in previous studi...