objective: chlorpyrifos (cpf) is a neurotoxic organophosphorus (op) insecticide. its mechanism of action includes oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ache). the aim of the present study is to investigate cpf toxicity in mature and immature cerebellar granule neurons (cgns), as well as its effect on glutamate induced excitotoxicity. materials and ...

Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane, a crop largely dependent on chemical control for its maintenance. The insecticide fipronil and herbicide 2,4-D stand out among most commonly used pesticides and, therefore, environmental consequences are matter concern. present study aimed to investigate toxicity mechanisms Regent® 800 WG (a.i. fipronil) DMA® 806 BR 2,4-D) using forced non-forced exp...

Background and objectives: Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide, is widely used in agriculture. One of its deleterious effects is on neural systems. Diazinon with acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation induces brain toxicity . Ginger, as a medicinal plant, has antioxidant and anti-imflammatory properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate...

Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that terminates neurotransmission by hydrolyzing the acetylcholine released by the motoneurons at the neuromuscular junctions. Although acetylcholinesterase has been studied for almost a century, the underlying relationship between exercise-induced fatigue and acetylcholinesterase activity at the synaptic cleft is not clear. The purpose of this study was to as...

Acute organophosphate insecticide poisoning can manifest 3 different phases of toxic effects, namely, acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome (IMS), and delayed neuropathy. Among them, IMS has been considered as a major contributing factor of organophosphate-related morbidity and mortality because of its frequent occurrence and probable consequence of respiratory failure. Despite a high...

malaria has recently been resurged in some parts of iran which is bordered with armenia, naxcivan and turkey. an attempt was made to asses the current status of insecticide resistance in the main malaria vector , an.sacharovi. adult engorged mosquitoes were collected from dwellings during the seasonal activity of the vector, which is synchronized in summer 2001. mosquitoes were subjected to the...

We have recently reported that acetylcholinesterase expression was induced during apoptosis in various cell types. In the current study we provide evidence to suggest that the induction of acetylcholinesterase expression during apoptosis is regulated by the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+). During apoptosis, treatment of HeLa and MDA-MB-435s cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 resulted ...

The wheat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), are key pests on wheat crops worldwide. Management practices rely primarily on insecticides. The pirimicarb (carbamate) is used extensively as an effective insecticide to control these two aphids. In addition to the mortality caused by pirimicarb, various sublethal effects may occur in aphids when exposed to low le...

We previously demonstrated that the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos potentiates vagally induced bronchoconstriction independent of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by decreasing the function of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors that normally inhibit acetylcholine release from parasympathetic nerves supplying airway smooth muscle. However, it has been reported that different ...