Knowledge of host resistance, inoculum levels, and weather conditions favorable for disease development is necessary to optimize a disease forecaster. A group of plant pathologists from five land-grant universities (North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Purdue, and South Dakota) have collaborated to develop and improve performance of a disease forecasting system for Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). The ...

Sir, We read with great interest the article by Udekwu et al. on the relationship between bacterial cell density and antibiotic efficacy. These authors have nicely shown by using in vitro time–kill, MIC estimation and antibiotic bioassay experiments modest or substantial inoculum effects on the efficacy of six antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Using a sophisticated mathematical model, ...

As assessed by both standard histological staining and immunochemistry, intraperitoneal inoculation of C. burnetii in guinea pigs led to pathologic changes mainly in the liver, whereas intranasal inoculation led to pathologic changes mainly in the lungs. Myocarditis and positive blood cultures were observed only in those animals which received the highest inoculum. We therefore conclude that bo...

A simple, reliable, and inexpensive assay for quantitation of the imidazole drugs miconazole, RV 40,500, and RV 41,400 was tested. The assay, similar to a Kirby-Bauer test, was sensitive to less than or equal to 0.2 mug of drug per ml and linear from less than or equal to 0.2 to 10.0 mug/ml. Concentration of inoculum and agar depth in test plates was not as critical as the type of medium, amoun...

This work focused on the investigation and evaluation of the single or individual effects of feed-inoculum ratio, temperature, and agitation speed (i.e. operating variables) on biomethanization of the mixture of cattle manure, pig manure and poultry manure (mixed animal wastes) co-digested with pineapple fruit waste and content of chicken-gizzard (inoculum) as well as to model the kinetics of b...

Plant symptoms caused by Pseudomonas syringae ...................................................1 Severity of Pseudomonas syringae ............................................................... ...2 Predisposing factors increase severity ........................................3 (Wounding, Plant Dormancy, Soil factors, Dual infections) ............... 3 Classification of Pseudomonas syringae ...

Reducing the tillage of agricultural soils can increase early-season crop-P uptake. Consistent increases in plant-P have been found in both fieldand laboratory-systems with undisturbed (U) compared to disturbed (D) soil. A concomitant stimulatory effect on colonization of roots in U soil by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has been found in some cases, but in others the colonization has been s...

The objectives of the present study were to compare the in vitro activity of LY333328 (LY) to that of vancomycin (V) alone and in combination with gentamicin (G) and rifampin (R) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and V-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), by using the killing curve methods. In addition, the effect of the inoculum size and protein on LY's activity was ...