The cerebral cortex is a densely interconnected structure with neural circuits that form between cortical laminae and also between distinct cortical areas. However, the precise cell biological and developmental mechanisms that underlie the formation of these neural circuits remain unknown. Here, we visualize laminar innervation of the developing mouse cerebral cortex by layer II/III pyramidal n...

Dysfunctional neural control of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is involved in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. However, neurogenesis in the lung is poorly understood. This study uses mouse models to investigate developmental mechanisms of ASM innervation, a process that is highly coordinated with ASM formation during lung branching morphogenesis. We show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor...

he influence of the sympathetic nervous system on both normal physiology and pathophysiology of the heart extends beyond the beat-to-beat regulation of rate and con-tractile force arising from acute exposure to neurally released norepinephrine (NE). For example, postinfarction arrhythmias have been ascribed to nerve sprouting and excess sympathetic innervation (7). In addition, congenital arrhy...

Functional and histological evidence for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) exists for several species; however, its sensory innervation has only been shown in laboratory rats, and its function is unclear. We tested the effects of sensory and SNS innervation of Siberian hamster epididymal and inguinal WAT (EWAT and IWAT) by assessing calcitonin gene-r...

Multiple peptidergic innervation occurs in prosencephalic regions of quail that are characterized by a wide distribution of sex steroid receptors or gonadotropin releasing hormone elements, suggesting that neuropeptides could influence circuitries involved in the control of reproductive activities in birds. In the present study we investigated the existence of a testosterone (T) dependent modul...

Neurotrophin-activated receptor tyrosine kinases (Trks) regulate sensory neuron survival, differentiation, and function. To permanently mark cells that ever express TrkC-kinase, mice with lacZ and GFP reporters of Cre recombinase activity were crossed with mice having IRES-cre inserted into the kinase-containing exon of the TrkC gene. Prenatal reporter expression matched published locations of ...

The sensory innervation of the dental mesenchyme is essential for tooth function and protection. Sensory innervation of the dental pulp is mediated by axons originating from the trigeminal ganglia and is strictly regulated in time. Teeth can develop from cultured re-associations between dissociated dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells from Embryonic Day 14 mouse molars, after implantation un...

Immunohistochemical methods are used to characterize the distribution of noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers in primary visual cortex of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at various postnatal ages. Previous studies in adult squirrel monkeys have shown that serotonergic fibers are generally restricted to the upper four cortical laminae and are especially dense in layer IV, whereas norad...

• The sympathetic innervation of the vascular tree consists of postganglionic fibers derived from the sympathetic ganglion cells in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the sympathetic trunks. In most vascular beds the blood vessels receive their innervation from postganglionic nerves which accompany the main arterial vessels supplying the bed. Information is sparse, however, regarding...

A combination of anatomical, histological and physiological data from wild-type and null-mutated mice have established crucial roles for BDNF and NT3 in gustatory and somatosensory innervation of the tongue, and indeed for proper development of the papillary surface of the tongue. BDNF is expressed in taste buds, NT3 in many surrounding epithelial structures. Absence of BDNF in mice leads to se...