cellular and molecular pathways link thrombosis and innate immune system during sepsis. extrinsic pathway activation of protease thrombin through fviia and tissue factor (tf) in sepsis help activate its endothelial cell (ec) membrane protease activated receptor 1 (par-1). thrombin adjusts the ec cycle through activation of g proteins (g12/13), and later through rho gefs (guanine nucleotide exch...

The innate immune response is evolutionary conserved among organisms. The complement system forms an important and efficient immune defense mechanism. It consists of plasma proteins that participate in microbial detection, which ultimately results in the production of various molecules with antimicrobial activity. Thioester-containing proteins (TEPs) are a superfamily of secreted effector prote...

Hyperglycemia (HG) and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of a profoundly altered metabolism in critical illness resulting from the release of cortisol, catecholamines, and cytokines, as well as glucagon and growth hormone. Recent studies have proposed a fundamental role of the immune system towards the development of insulin resistance in traumatic patients. A comprehensive review of publish...