Abstract We demonstrate the potential of line-intensity mapping to place constraints on initial mass function (IMF) Population III stars via measurements mean He ii 1640 Å/H α ratio. extend 21cmFAST code with modern high-redshift galaxy-formation and photoionization models, estimate line emission from II galaxies at redshifts 5 ≤ z 20. In our ratio values /H ≳ 0.1 indicate top-heavy IMFs severa...

—Hydroperiod, the time a temporary pond holds water, is an important factor influencing recruitment in amphibian populations and structuring amphibian communities. We conducted an experiment to test the effect of hydroperiod on metamorphic traits of the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala), a common amphibian in the southeastern United States. We reared larval R. sphenocephala in artifici...

Coevolutionary algorithms offer great promise as adaptive problem solvers but suffer from several known pathologies. Historically, spatially embedded coevolutionary algorithms seem to have succeeded where other coevolutionary approaches fail; however, explanations for this have been largely unexplored. We examine this idea more closely by looking at spatial models in the context of a particular...

Initial condition dependence is the key to understanding the difference between ideal strength and actual strength of both crystalline and amorphous materials. Besides intrinsic structural heterogeneities in metallic glasses (MGs), a class of “extended defects” based on the “connected atomistic free volume” (CAFV) is proposed to define the microstructure (initial condition), which is crucial to...