Infrared oil spill detection utilizes either temperature or emissivity contrast of native and oil-covered water surfaces. In particular, the thickness dependent radiance contrast due to thin film interference has been studied. Together with detection boundaries derived from the radiative transfer equation, we can explain historically observed daytime contrast reversal and our observations durin...

Spiral galaxies in the local universe are commonly observed to be embedded in extended disks of neutral hydrogen the so called “extended HI disks”. Based on observations made using the ISOPHOT instrument on board the Infrared Space Observatory, we report the first detection of cold dust in the extended HI disk of a spiral galaxy. The detection was achieved through a dedicated deep Far-Infrared ...

The angular power spectra of the infrared maps obtained by the DIRBE (Diffuse InfraRed Background Experiment) instrument on the COBE1 satellite have been obtained by two methods: the Hauser-Peebles method previously applied to the DMR maps, and by Fourier transforming portions of the all-sky maps projected onto a plane. The two methods give consistent results, and the power spectrum of the high...

PILOT, the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope, is proposed as a 2.4 m diameter optical/infrared telescope to be located at Dome C, Antarctica. The “strawman” optical configuration and instrument suite for PILOT described here is designed to take advantage of the unique atmospheric characteristics found at this site.

Accurate quantitative temperature measurements are difficult to achieve using focal-plane array sensors. This is due to reflections inside the instrument and the difficulty of calibrating a matrix of pixels as identical radiation thermometers. Size-of-source effect (SSE), which is the dependence of an infrared temperature measurement on the area surrounding the target area, is a major contribut...

Increase in tissue blood flow is one of the most acknowledged potential effects of massage; however, actual research studies examining this phenomenon are inconsistent and inconclusive. One possible reason for continued uncertainty regarding this topic is methodology, specifically how tissue blood flow is measured because limitations exist in previously utilized technologies. Near-infrared spec...

An instrument was designed and assembled with the aim of measuring macroscopic properties of foams ~such as foamability and stability! under high pressures and moderate temperatures ~up to 105 bar and 425 K, respectively!. The device makes use of infrared sensors to detect the foam forefront position as it is generated by gas sparging in the foaming solution. The measurement makes use of a modi...

After a short analysis of the main problems involved in the construction of a Far Infrared polarimeter with very low instrumental noise, we describe the instrument that will be employed at MITO telescope to search for calibration sources and investigate polarization near the CMB anisotropy peaks in the next campaign (Winter 2002-03).

A method is presented to assess whether a given reference ground-based point observation, typically a radiosonde measurement, is adequately collocated and sufficiently representative of space-borne hyperspectral infrared instrument measurements. Once this assessment is made, the ground-based data can be used to validate and potentially calibrate, with a high degree of accuracy, the hyperspectra...

A mid-infrared spectrometer with a tuning range of >400 cm(-1) in the C-H stretching region of the spectrum has been designed and constructed. The spectrometer is based on the difference-frequency generation of two tunable diode lasers in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. Tuning is achieved by varying a single parameter, the wavelength of one of the near-infrared input lasers. The ...