Abstract Characterising the risk of fire spread in informal settlements relies on ability to understand compartment fires with boundary conditions that are significantly different normal residential compartments. Informal settlement dwellings frequently have thermally thin and leaky boundaries. Due unique design these compartments, detailed experimental studies were conducted their dynamics. Th...

A healthcare-use survey was conducted in the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, in July 2005 to inform subsequent surveillance in the site for infectious diseases. Sets of standardized questionnaires were administered to 1,542 caretakers and heads of households with one or more child(ren) aged less than five years. The average household-size was 5.1 (range 1-15) persons. Most (90%) r...

BACKGROUND Informal settlements are common throughout the developing world. In Peru, land occupations, commonly "invasions" in Spanish, are a means by which the extremely poor attempt to obtain access to land. Here, we examine difference in child health between two communities in the Peruvian Amazon, one well-established and one newly formed by 'invasion', as captured incidentally by a prospect...

Informal real estate markets have developed as a result of deficiencies formal and play crucial role in providing housing to the urban poor. This contribution combines an adaptation Ostrom's rules with property rights theory study that informal estate, their spatial impact implications formal-informal interactions settlement Nairobi, Kenya. It is argued although nature regimes highly similar, c...

Freetown has over 1 million residents, many of whom live in about 68 crowded informal settlements. Residents these settlements struggle daily to access basic services such as water, sanitation, and health-care services. We found that the government’s Covid-19 response measures (curfews, lockdowns, travel restrictions) excluded residents from contributing its design, implementation prevented acc...