Background and Aims: Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been suggested to be a promising recombinant vaccine approach. Several studies have reported that the influenza VLPs produced in insect cells is an effective vaccine candidate. Due to crucial role of matrix M1 protein in assembly and budding of Influenza particles, in all VLPs structures, M1 protein have been considered as a main component. ...

background permanent antigenic variation of influenza viruses causes a major concern to develop an effective human influenza vaccine. conserved antigens are new vaccine candidates because it is not necessary to match the prepared vaccine with circulating strains. ion channel m2 protein is conserved among all influenza a viruses, allowing the virus to enter host cells. objectives to prepare an e...

following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (eid50)) of a/ostrich/italy/984/2000 h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...

background:influenza virus is globally pathogenic and it is usually associated with zoonotic respiratory diseases. this virus has caused a number of pandemics with a high mortality rate. the non-structural (ns1) protein of influenza a viruses is a non-essential virulence factor that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. this protein is highly conservative. it has been shown t...

introduction: inactivated influenza vaccines are traditionally produced in chicken embryonated eggs but its limitations in producing the required doses in pandemic outbreaks quickly enough has made searching for alternative modes of production necessary. the use of cell culture-based vaccine production is one way of overcoming the limitations of the egg-based method and securing a more rapid re...

Background:Influenza virus is globally pathogenic and it is usually associated with zoonotic respiratory diseases. This virus has caused a number of pandemics with a high mortality rate. The non-structural (NS1) protein of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. This protein is highly conservative. It has been shown t...

A reassortant influenza A virus was produced by mating an avian influenza A/Pintail/Alberta/119/79 (H4N6) virus with wild-type human influenza A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) virus. The avian-human influenza A reassortant virus contained the genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the human influenza wild-type virus and the six other RNA segments (internal genes) of ...

The nucleoprotein genes of influenza virus A/Netherlands/018/94 (H3N2) and influenza virus B/Harbin/7/94 were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pMalC to yield highly purified recombinant influenza virus A and B nucleoproteins. With these recombinant influenza nucleoproteins, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the detection of influenza virus A- and B-specif...