Acute inflammatory responses are one of the major underlying mechanisms for tissue damage of multiple diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, and acute lung injury. By use of cellular and molecular approaches and transgenic animals, Src protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family members have been identified to be essential for the recruitment and activation of monocytes, macrophages, n...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of acute hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide compared with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DESIGN Retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. SETTING Umbria region, Italy. PARTICIPANTS 400 000 current, recent, and past users (almost 2 million prescriptions) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs between 1 January 1997 and 31 Dece...

Accumulation and turnover of extracellular matrix components are the hallmarks of tissue injury. Fragmented hyaluronan stimulates the expression of inflammatory genes by a variety of immune cells at the injury site. Hyaluronan binds to a number of cell surface proteins on various cell types. Hyaluronan fragments signal through both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 as well as CD44 to stimulat...

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a main active ingredient in tea, but it difficult for to be absorbed and utilized by the body, resulting limited bioactivity. Therefore, we explored role of probiotics enhancing physiological activity EGCG mice model liver injury. Mice were methodically treated with either single or combination Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 (LP.P101) 21 days, then adminis...

Macrophages (Mφ) orchestrate inflammatory and reparatory processes in injured connective tissues but their role during different phases of tendon healing is not known. We investigated the contribution of different Mφ subsets in an equine model of naturally occurring tendon injury. Post mortem tissues were harvested from normal (uninjured), sub-acute (3-6 weeks post injury) and chronically injur...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly prescribed drugs for arthritis, inflammation, and cardiovascular protection. However, they cause gastrointestinal complications. The pathophysiology of these complications has mostly been ascribed to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs' action on the cyclooxygenase inhibition and the subsequent prostaglandin deficiency. However, rece...

Ischemic stroke causes neuronal cell death and triggers a cascade of inflammatory signals that contribute to secondary brain damage. Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages that remove dead neurons, play a critical role in the brain's response to ischemic injury. Our previous studies showed that IRF2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) regulates peripheral macrophage polarization, limits their inflam...

Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. This is due to migration of peripherally activated lymphocytes to central nervous system leading to inflammatory lesions. However, liver has an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Myelin expression in the liver of transgenic mice suppresses inflammatory lesions within central nervous system. ...

Background: Cryotherapy is one of the most popular electro-physical agents used to ‘treat’ acute inflammation after a soft tissue injury. Much of the clinical rationale for this is based on anecdotal reports, with most clinicians accepting that cryotherapy has an ‘anti’ inflammatory effect after injury. There have been a number of recent advances towards improving our understanding of the infla...