Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is one of the rare complications of infective endocarditis. Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of this condition. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is generally superior to the transthoracic approach in the evaluation of the complications resulting from infective endocarditis. In this report, we discus...

Infective endocarditis was a fatal disease three generations ago. Temporal evolution of knowledge made possible important advances in diagnostic techniques, especially in echocardiography, the possibility of cardiac surgery during the active infectious process and new guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis before interventional procedures. Nowadays, infective endocarditis is curable. In this rev...

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a noncontagious infection of the endocardium and heart valves. The epidemiology of IE has shifted recently with an increase in health care-associated IE. Infective endocarditis requiring intensive care unit stay is increasing, and nosocomial IE is frequently responsible. Diagnosis of IE requires multiple clinical data points encompassing history and physical exami...

Infective endocarditis is a disease that continues to evolve in response to changing host conditions and other factors.

This paper presents a literature review on right heart endocarditis in patients with a permanent pacemaker (PM) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). We postulate putting a great deal more emphasis on separation of lead-dependent infective endocarditis from other types of infective endocarditis. We stress the need for screening patients with PM/ICD and pulmonary signs using transesop...

Infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is not uncommon in pigs but is rare in human beings. We describe the case of a pig-farmer with endocarditis due to S. suis serotype 2 and in whom prolapse of the mitral valve was the predisposing cardiac lesion. Streptococcus suis, a possible cause of infective endocarditis in endemic areas, may be confused with other group D strept...

Infective endocarditis is most often seen affecting the left side of the heart, with the pulmonary valve being the least frequently involved valve. The most common organisms responsible for infective endocarditis are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans. Here we report a rare case of pulmonary valve endocarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, a rare pathogen for this setting. The ...

Although central nervous system complications such as stroke, encephalopathy and meningitis are commonly described in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, peripheral nervous system involvement is rarely reported in the literature. In this article we report on a 13-year-old boy with infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in whom severe polyneuropathy developed during hospitalizati...

In patients with active infective endocarditis mitral valve repair is better than mitral valve replacement, but it remains a challenge when there has been massive destruction of the rough zone of the anterior leaflet. We report a technical modification of mitral valve repair for advanced active infective endocarditis in which a widely infected rough zone and the chordae were successfully replac...

We report the case of using a long-term combination of meropenem and amikacin to treat infective endocarditis caused by Enterobacter cloacae resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli, such as the E. cloacae in our study, may become possible pathogens of infective endocarditis. Our experience with this case indicates that long-term use o...