OBJECTIVES To analyse the relation between geographical inequalities in income and the prevalence of common chronic medical conditions and mental health disorders, and to compare it with the relation between family income and these health problems. DESIGN Nationally representative household telephone survey conducted in 1997-8. SETTING 60 metropolitan areas or economic areas of the United S...

In his 1984 proof of the Bieberbach and Milin conjectures de Branges used a positivity result of special functions which follows from an identity about Jacobi polynomial sums that was published by Askey and Gasper in 1976. The de Branges functions τ k (t) are defined as the solutions of a system of differential recurrence equations with suitably given initial values. The essential fact used in ...

For slowly evolving, discrete-time–dependent systems of difference equations (iterated maps), we believe that the simplest means of demonstrating the validity of the averaging method at first order is by way of a lemma that we call the Besjes inequality. In this paper, we develop the Besjes inequality for identity maps with perturbations that are (i) at low-order resonance (periodic with short ...

*Correspondence: [email protected] 2College of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract In this paper, we consider the existence of positive solutions for a second-order discrete boundary value problem (g(k – 1) u(k – 1)) +w(k)f (k,u(k)) = 0 subject to the bounda...

The performance attributes of a broad class of randomised algorithms can be described by a recurrence relation of the form T(x) = a(x)+T(H(x)), where a is a function and H(x) is a random variable. For instance, T(x) may describe the running time of such an algorithm on a problem of size x. Then T(x) is a random variable, whose distribution depends on the distribution of H(x). To give high proba...

A common phenomenon in text understanding is to refer to an entity which was not explicitly introduced earlier in the text, but rather whose existence is indirectly implied (or suggested) from earlier facts. For example, in “He dropped a cup. The handle broke off.”, the handle referred to is not explicitly introduced, rather the reader infers that this (probably) means the handle of the cup. Th...

Abstract We show that some two-party Bell inequalities with two-valued observables are stronger than the CHSH inequality for 3⊗3 isotropic states in the sense that they are violated by some isotropic states in the 3 ⊗ 3 system that do not violate the CHSH inequality. These Bell inequalities are obtained by applying triangular elimination to the list of known facet inequalities of the cut polyto...

In this paper, we deal with the complex relationship connecting inequality to innovation, and the ways through which public investment, in particular public participation to R&D initiatives, can affect it. We first stress that various different equilibria may exist in the inequality-innovation space. The positive relation that part of the economic theory often assumes to exist between (initiall...

Poverty reduction is entirely determined by the growth rate of population’s mean per capita income and by the change in the distribution of income. This places the empirical relation between growth and inequality at the heart of poverty reducing strategies. This study, which estimates the relation for Paraguay, aims to identify the growth effects of income and education inequality while control...

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is generally associated with high psychiatric morbidity, more disability, and poorer access to health care. Among psychiatric disorders, depression exhibits a more controversial association with SES. The authors carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the magnitude, shape, and modifiers of such an association. The search found 51 prevalence studies, five incidence...