Farmers often buy water using fixed fees—rather than with marginal prices. We use two randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh to study the relationship between prices, adoption of a water-saving technology, and usage. Our first experiment shows that technology only saves when farmers face second finds an encouragement voluntarily convert hourly pumping charges does not save water. Taken toge...

Background: Considering the role of laboratory tests as a central part of controlling health expenditure, this study intends to investigate laboratory tests overutilization in Iran to pave the way for future interventions.   Methods: Inappropriate laboratory utilization was reviewed in a cross-sectional survey through the retrospective analysis of 384 medical records at a tertiary cente...

The primary goal of the New Horizons Pluto–Kuiper Belt mission is to explore Pluto by 2020, before Pluto’s atmosphere collapses as predicted by scientists, and then explore the Kuiper Belt objects in an extended mission. The baseline mission plans to launch in January 2006, using a Jupiter gravity assist trajectory to reach Pluto. The New Horizons spacecraft will arrive at Pluto as early as 201...

The connection of coalition systems has many challenges, one of the most important and the one being address by this paper is the lack of understanding of information assurance (IA) in a coalition environment. This paper presents an approach to managing this coalition IA risk using a taxonomy to organize readily available observations and measurements that are potential indicators of a system's...