We examine the effect of risk tolerance downstream firms (i.e., customers) on investment inefficiency upstream suppliers). Using pilot licensing status CEOs as a proxy for their inherent tolerance, we find that customer led by are associated with suppliers’ inefficiency, where is more pronounced when suppliers have less bargaining power over customers. Our dynamic analysis confirms causative re...

the study examines production efficiency of farmers under national fadama-ii project in oyo state nigeria. primary data were collected from two hundred and sixty-four farmers using multistage sampling technique. the analytical framework used for the study include: descriptive, infrastructure index, gross margin and stochastic frontier production function. average infrastructural index in the ar...

Firms in post-transition economies are frequently considered less efficient than those more advanced market economies. By relying on the World Bank Enterprise Survey for year 2019, firm-level technical inefficiency is estimated by stochastic frontier analysis method a sample of European countries. To be precise, included Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, North Macedoni...

Purpose The Spanish airport system contains several regional airports within an amenity distance and alternative travel modes. Profitable cross-subsidise small airports, which are not required for development or connectivity. Airports government-owned centralised-managed by Air Navigation (AENA, its acronym). This study aims to analyse the probability of under-used public infrastructure AENA’s ...