We discuss the phenomenon of system tailoring in the context of data from an observational study of anaesthesia. We found that anaesthetists tailor their monitoring equipment so that the auditory alarms are more informative. However, the occurrence of tailoring by anaesthetists in the operating theatre was infrequent, even though the flexibility to tailor exists on many of the patient monitorin...

London Plan is the London mayor’s Spatial Development Strategy. This strategic long-term plan comprises of proposals for different aspects of change within the London boundary. Furthermore, the proposals include chapters outlining adjustments in each facet. Policy 4A.2 reflects the Climate Change Mitigation scheme. Some consultations and research works have been performed to this point, but an ...

This study reports an intensive, exploratory study of a single, protracted conflictual interaction involving all four members of a family. Within the larger interaction, there were four subinteractions. Because of space limitations, only the central conflictual subinteraction will be described. This interaction involved three of the four family members: the father and two daughters. The two chi...

We present a prototype of a decision sup­ port system for management of the fungal disease powdery mildew in winter wheat. The prototype is based on an influence di­ agram which is used to determine the op­ timal time and dose of mildew treatments. This involves multiple decision opportunities over time, stochasticity, inaccurate informa­ tion and incomplete knowledge. The paper describes the p...

Second-order calculations may significantly increase a decision maker’s understanding of a decision situation when handling aggregations of imprecise representations, as is the case in decision trees or influence diagrams, while the use of only first-order results gives an incomplete picture. The results apply also to approaches which do not explicitly deal with second-order distributions, inst...

An unfortunate aspect of historical accounts of computer lore in open sources is the omission conspicuously to some of us of mention of the U.S. cryptologic organizations, or ofthe contributions by these organizations which helped in laying the foundation of the computer industry. NSA, and other cryptologic organizations, have been required over the years to observe a policy of anonymity, and w...

The globalisation of tobacco marketing, trade, research, and industry influence represents a major threat to public health worldwide. Drawing upon tobacco industry strategy documents prepared over several decades, this paper will demonstrate how the tobacco industry operates as a global force, regarding the world as its operating market by planning, developing, and marketing its products on a g...

September 2005 | Volume 2 | Issue 9 | e241 Britain’s House of Commons Health Committee has recently recommended a fundamental realignment of the relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and government, regulators, doctors, the health service, and patients [1]. The committee said that the industry has interdigitated itself into every aspect of health care, and that government and others...

Emerging markets represent an exceptional opportunity for the pharmaceutical industry. Although a precise definition is not yet available, economists define emerging markets as developing prosperous countries in which investment is expected to result in higher income despite high risks. Qualifying a market as emerging is not merely based on the economic status of the country, but also on severa...

T he American Medical Student Association (AMSA), with more than a half-century history of medical student activism, is the oldest and largest independent association of physicians-in-training in the United States. As the voice for over 50,000 members, AMSA has prided itself on fostering ideals such as honesty and integrity, and on promoting the interests of patients and communities. In 2002, w...