A number of field buses are available to exchange the serial data among one or more controllers and a number of field devices that are communicating with each other. However, field bus standards are not uniform at present, which brings many difficulties in system design, as different equipments from different manufacturers follow different standards. For a reliable system design there is a need...

The design methodology used in the design of the CRISP Microprocessor is described. CRISP is a high performance 32-bit microprocessor using 172,163 transistors in a 1.75μ CMOS technology. A top down approach was taken in the design of the machine, using tools ranging from instruction set interpreters to detailed device modelling. In addition to a discussion of the tools, this paper describes th...

There is one universal truth in terms of design for manufacturing (DFM)-DFM tools and disciplines have always existed. In micron technologies, manufacturing constraints were captured in process technology rule files. This process information was accessed at different levels of abstraction during various stages in the design flow. In addition, design teams implemented best practice methodologies...

Currently, different design tools and databases are used for building automation networks and construction projects. Effort (design time, tools) can be reduced if these two design spaces can be merged. In this paper an approach for the integration of building automation network design in IFC is introduced. Based on the resulting model, existing tools are to enhance in order to accomplish a holi...

For a number of years, members of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Design community have studied Design Rationale (DR), the reasons behind decisions made while designing. A record of what decisions were made, and why, is especially valuable for software maintenance. One reason for this is that the software lifecycle is a long one. Large projects may take years to complete and spend even more...

OBJECTIVE During peer review, submitted manuscripts are scrutinised by independent experts to assist journal editors in their decision-making and to help improve the quality of articles. In this retrospective cohort study, peer review comments for drug trials submitted to medical journals were analysed to investigate whether there is a relation between the content of these comments and sponsors...

Article history: Received 24 February 2009 Revised 25 March 2009 Accepted 25 March 2009 In this work, we for the first time study the inter-industrial clustering behaviors of integrated circuit (IC) industry fromTaiwan toChinavia amountof foreigndirect investment (FDI). According to themutual dependence among IC design,manufacturing and packaging-and-testing industries, Lotka–Volterra model is ...