Energy poverty currently affects a significant number of European households, representing growing problem in the EU. But fuel is not an easily understood phenomenon and requires well-structured definition, which takes into account all relevant issues, corresponding measure based on available data to develop most appropriate policies. The aim our research present existing approaches poverty, ar...

Issues related to population aging—Social Security and pension reform, health care financing and provision, and long-term care—have long been the subject of public debate in the industrialized countries of Europe and North America. Economically less developed regions have been slower to adopt aging as a major public policy concern, despite the fact that older populations in many developing coun...

Advocates argue that voucher programs can correct the incentive problems of educational systems in developing countries. This paper uses a principal-agent framework to clarify the arguments for and against education vouchers. An assessment of findings on voucher programs in industrialized countries, as well as a review of voucher or quasi-voucher experiences in Chile, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, t...

In spite of the enormous differences between industralized countries and developing countries regarding their economics, politics, education, and health priorities, as well as their culture, developing countries can learn health care management from the experiences of industrialized countries. Injury control is no exception. After all, why spend time reinventing the wheel? Injury prevention is ...

Dental caries and periodontal diseases have historically been considered the most important part of the global burden of oral diseases. At present, the distribution and severity of oral diseases vary in different parts of the world and within the same country or region. Dental caries is still a major public health problem in most industrialized countries, affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren and ...

Environmentalists worry that hazardous wastes produced in industrialized nations are being dumped in cash-starved developing countries--the countries with the least political or economic clout to resist and the fewest resources for managing these toxic imports. Imported waste can pose a serious threat to the health of human populations and ecosystems if not managed appropriately. In 1989, the i...