Recent developments in the inclusive fitness theory have revealed that the direction of evolution can be analytically predicted in a wider class of models than previously thought, such as those models dealing with network structure. This paper aims to provide a mathematical description of the inclusive fitness theory. Specifically, we provide a general framework based on a Markov chain that can...

In this paper we introduce a new type of fuzzy modifiers (i.e. mappings that transform a fuzzy set into a modified fuzzy set) based on fuzzy relations. We show how they can be applied for the representation of weakening adverbs (more or less, roughly) and intensifying adverbs (very, extremely) in the inclusive and the non-inclusive interpretation. We illustrate their use in an approximate reaso...

The contribution of exclusive radiative tail to the cross section of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering has been calculated for the first time. Although the experience of inclusive data analyses suggests us that the contribution of radiative tail from the elastic peak is of particular importance, similar effects in the semi-inclusive process were ignored before. The explicit expression fo...

We present a phenomenological analysis of data on both inclusive and semi-inclusive spin asymmetries. We examine the impact of the semi-inclusive results presented by SMC on the determination of polarized parton distributions performing global fits with different sets of observables. We discuss the flavour dependence of the polarized sea inside a nucleon.

Abstract With the societal cracks resulting from decade-long neoliberal policies becoming increasingly visible in many countries, capitalism as most suitable institutional system to produce material wealth, environmental sustainability and social stability has come under growing attack. This contribution examines what army of recent heterodox scholars economics business have say on one could ca...

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Kin selection theorists argue that evolution in social contexts will lead organisms to behave as if maximizing their inclusive, as opposed to personal, fitness. The inclusive fitness concept allows biologists to treat organisms as akin to rational agents seeking to maximize a utility function. Here we develop this idea and place it on a firm footing by employing a standard decision-theoretic me...