the optimal cropping pattern for sistan water resources management was determined through a goal programming technique within the gams programming environment. results showed that the optimum cultivation area and net profit of the agricultural sector in the sistan region could increase up to 18.1 and 39.8%, respectively, compared to the current status. an increase in the farm irrigation efficie...

the vehicle routing problem with backhauls (vrpb) as an extension of the classical vehicle routing prob-lem (vrp) attempts to define a set of routes which services both linehaul customers whom product are to be delivered and backhaul customers whom goods need to be collected. a primary objective for the problem usually is minimizing the total distribution cost. most real-life problems have othe...

in recent years according to the growing companies andproducts supplied, and competition between them has intensified. productsand diversity, one of the main concerns of commercial institutions.therefore, selecting the media to introduce and is important therelationship between customers’ products. given the multiplicity of mediain promoting and marketing the products, they are the optimalchoic...