CD4 effectors generated in vitro can promote survival against a highly pathogenic influenza virus via an antibody-independent mechanism involving class II-restricted, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. However, it is not known whether CD4 cells activated during influenza virus infection can acquire cytolytic activity that contributes to protection against lethal challenge. CD4 cells isolated from ...

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is typically transmitted by the bite of an infected flea. Many aspects of mammalian innate immune response early after Y. pestis infection remain poorly understood. A previous study by our lab showed that neutrophils are the most prominent cell type recruited to the injection site after intradermal needle inoculation of Y. pestis, suggesting that ...

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a potent low molecular weight chemical sensitizer and a leading cause of chemical-induced occupational asthma. The regulatory potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been recognized in a variety of disease states, including allergic disease; however, the roles of miRNAs in chemical sensitization are largely unknown. In a previous work, increased expression of multiple ...

We introduced a novel humanized HLA-A*0201 transgenic (HLA Tg) rabbit model to assess the protective efficacy of a human CD8(+) T cell epitope-based vaccine against primary ocular herpes infection and disease. Each of the three immunodominant human CD8(+) T cell peptide epitopes from HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD(53-61), gD(70-78), and gD(278-286)) were joined with a promiscuous human CD4(+) T cell ...

Abstract INTRODUCTION Limited migration of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines to draining lymph nodes (DLN) remains a major limitation DC efficacy for malignant gliomas. Our prior work demonstrated that increased peripheral DLN results in enhanced antitumor efficacy. Given this, we studied trafficking mouse gliomas, the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV) system, and cervical (CLN). METHODS To elevate h...

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of maturation status of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) on the in vivo immune response to interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) 161-180 peptide in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS Immature and mature BMDCs were generated without or with the stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and their mRNA cytokine profile an...

Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive, incurable asbestos-induced cancer for which treatment options are limited. Surgical resection can reduce tumour burden, but patients ultimately succumb to disease due to reoccurrence of unresectable tumour, highlighting the need for new treatment modalities. In this study we describe the use of an easily translatable heat shock (HS...

In the development of ammonia - hydrogen blends as potential substitutes for fossil fuels, retrofitting existing devices running at very lean condition is one promising solutions decarbonisation power sector. However, little known about impact these conditions on production NOX, particularly N2O that a potent greenhouse gas. Therefore, influence varying thermal and Reynolds numbers flame emissi...