This paper explores the relative contributions made by orthography, syllabic segment, and lexical tone in the word recognition and retrieval process. It also challenges recent assumptions regarding the role of orthography and tones in mental lexicon architecture. Using an implicit priming paradigm, a word recognition experiment was conducted with native speakers of two tonal languages, Chinese ...

Verbal communication, particularly the ability to give directions and understand them, is a key not only for learning but also for every day life. Since one main objective of schools for pupils with cognitive disability or learning difficulties is to prepare pupils to manage their every day life on their own, we expect that teaching pupils how to learn and work collaboratively by sharing tasks,...

The development of our team for RoboCup ’99 is mainly oriented towards a transparent way of transferring explicit knowledge into the agent control and its combination with learning algorithms capable of fine-tuning the acquired skills. The explicit knowledge is formulated in terms of rules, the non-explicit knowledge is to be realized as a set of parameters adapted by hierarchical reinforcement...

an agency formally charged by society with the task of socializing the young in particular skills and values. We usually think of the school as being mainly concerned with teaching skills and knowledge.... But the schools in every society also engage in outright indoctrination in values. We may find this fact more readily apparent in societies other than our own ... the school socializes ... th...

BACKGROUND Role modelling is an effective teaching method in medical education. We sought to better understand role modelling by examining the insights of respected physician role models. METHODS We conducted 30-minute in-depth interviews with 29 highly regarded role models at 2 large teaching hospitals. We coded the transcripts independently, and compared our coding for agreement. Content an...

BACKGROUND In fledgling areas of research, evidence supporting causal assumptions is often scarce due to the small number of empirical studies conducted. In many studies it remains unclear what impact explicit and implicit causal assumptions have on the research findings; only the primary assumptions of the researchers are often presented. This is particularly true for research on the effect of...

the topic of “trilogical denotations” (al-dalalat al-thalath) appears in avicenna logic system following the development of the discourse on “terms subject” (al-mabahith al-alfad) in his system. it was avicenna, who, for the first time, paid more attention to this subject and was responsible for its extended discussion. among the issues to which he addresses is the one on trilogical denotations...

The development of our team for RoboCup '99 is mainly oriented towards a transparent way of transferring explicit knowledge into the agent control and its combination with learning algorithms capable of ne-tuning the acquired skills. The explicit knowledge is formulated in terms of rules, the non-explicit knowledge is to be realized as a set of parameters adapted by hierarchical reinforcement l...

This paper explores the relative contributions made by orthography, syllabic segment, and lexical tone in the word recognition and retrieval process. It also challenges recent assumptions regarding the role of orthography and tones in mental lexicon architecture. Using an implicit priming paradigm, a word recognition experiment was conducted with native speakers of two tonal languages, Chinese ...