BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to pre-cool the epidermis during dermatological laser procedures such as treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, hair removal, and non-ablative photorejuvenation. Thus far, heat transfer studies related to CSC optimization have assumed a flat surface but clinical observation suggests that human skin indents due to the force of...

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the accuracy of the physical examination for the diagnosis of midlumbar nerve root impingement (L2, L3, or L4), low lumbar nerve root impingement (L5 or S1) and level-specific lumbar nerve root impingement on magnetic resonance imaging, using individual tests and combinations of tests. SUMMARY OF BACKGRO...

This paper describes the development and validation steps of computational sub-models for gas turbine heat transfer applications, within an open source CFD code based on the Field Operation and Manipulation C++ class library for continuum mechanics (OpenFOAM, http://www.opencfd.co.uk). Open FOAM is based on a polyhedral finite-volume approach with a co-located variables arrangement. In order to...

BACKGROUND Impingement of the tracheal tube (ETT) on upper airway structures during railroading over the fibreoptic bronchoscope (FOB) occurs commonly. Potential complications of impingement include prolonged intubation time, leading to arterial desaturation, failed intubation and laryngeal trauma. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to assess the effect of the double setup E...

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of SLAP lesions in patients with chronic impingement syndrome. We also examined the sensitivity of O'Brien's test. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 48 patients with a preliminary chronic impingement syndrome diagnosis to whom arthroscopic decompression had been planned. All patients underwent preoperative Neer's, Hawkins'...