The identification of DNA polymorphisms in human populations is an important step towards understanding the contribution of functional genetic variants to predisposition of diseases or clinical phenotypes. Approach to the determination of the predisposition uses polymorphisms as marker for a disease in an affected DNA population compared to a control DNA population. Subsequently, the polymorphi...

The dramatic rise in the number and spread of resistant bacterial species continues. This involves not only bacteria that cause infections in the healthcare sector but also those that originate in the community. Antibiotic resistance rates are rising in almost all bacterial species, including those that are the most common bacterial pathogens in people (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureu...

Insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. Intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of Haematobia irritans irritans, H. irritans exigua and Lucilia cuprina. Similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host Boophilus ticks to all currently-used organoph...

The slurry erosion behaviour of laser clad Fe–Cr–B–Si alloy coatings was investigated at impact angles from 30u to 90u with an increment of 15u, and compared with the slurry erosion behaviour of two laser clad carbide coatings and a non-coated substrate made of AISI 4140 steel. The Fe–Cr–B–Si alloy coatings had slurry erosion resistance. Their overall slurry erosion resistance at impact angles ...