Two main compounds are able to enhance immune responses including adjuvants and immunostimulants. An adjuvant is a substance combined with an antigen for increasing its immune response, but an immunostimulant can induce the immune response without injection with an antigen [1]. There are several types of stimulants with different mechanisms and functions such as bacterial products, complex carb...

Chitosan has attracted much interest due to its special physical and chemical properties related to immunochemistry. The aim of this commentary is to appraise chitosan as an attractive functional polymer for medicine applications, which contributes to the development of chitosan for the immunochemistry. As reported, Chitosan has been used for immunochemistry purpose, such as functional food for...

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) constitute a major healthcare burden in children throughout the world. They tend to be recurrent, often causing multiple episodes of illness within a single year. Immature immune system, the presence of genetic and environmental factors and exposure to pathogens make young children highly susceptible to RTIs. These infections are still treated with antibiotic...

This study evaluated effect of atorvastatin, sitopaladi churna and a decoction of herbs on nitric oxide (NO) levels in rats. Nitric oxide levels in blood were estimated by Cortas &Wakid method. Atorvastatin (10 mg/ kg), sitopaladi churna (1000 mg/ kg), decoction of herbs(10 ml/ kg) containing embelia ribes seeds, cymbopogon citratus(lemon grass), zingiber officinale (ginger), ocimum sanctum(tul...

Levamisole, a commonly used anti-helminthic, has been found to have microfilaricidal, immunostimulant and immunomodulator activities. Its side effects include nausea and vomiting, metallic taste, diarrhea, malaise, insomnia, sensory stimulation, hyperallergic state, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, fatigue and fever. Prolonged use of this drug may cause agranulocytosis, cutaneous necrosis, ...

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how melatonin regulates immunity. While some authors argue that melatonin is an immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data revie...

INTRODUCTION "Geriforte" a geriatric tonic, widely used in this country has been recently reported to induce a state of non-specific increased resistance (SNIR) in animals during stress and was found to prevent various deleterious effects like gastric ulcers, adrenal hyperplasia etc. caused by stress (Singh et al., 1978). This drug was also found to prevent urethane induced lung-adenomas in mic...

Withania somnifera an Indian traditional medicinal herb, is known to possess antistress, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, adaptogenic, antispasmodic, immunomodulatory and immunostimulant activities. Its other activities include anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, antiinvasive and chemopreventive effects. We investigated the antioxidant, ...

Levamisole (phenylimidothiazol), considered a strong immunostimulant, when administered to healthy Swiss mice did not cause a significant increase in -the weight o f their thymus, liver and spleen, even though the drug was used at different times before removing such organs. High doses ofdrug used in the 4-day prophylactic scheme had no antimalarial effect. However, when given to malaria infect...