Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patterns of circadian preferences and daytime sleepiness, and to examine the extent to which the consumption of stimulant beverages is associated with daytime sleepiness and evening chronotype among Peruvian college-age students. Methods: A total of 2,581 undergraduate students completed a self-administered comprehensive questionnaire that gat...

BACKGROUND Behavioral processes and neural systems dysfunctions that put individuals at risk for drug use in general, and stimulant use in particular, are poorly understood. Here, the hypothesis is examined that stimulant-using subjects adjust their decision making less as a function of errors as evidenced by attenuated behavioral and neural substrate activation patterns. METHODS Twelve young...

Health outcomes data are a major focus of the Australian health policy debate and the national research agenda. There is general agreement that health outcomes data should be collected. Outcomes data have been shown to be a powerful stimulant to service quality at the clinical level. It is argued here that policy which places health outcomes data at the centre of resource allocation and competi...

runoff production process is a key hydrological component illustrating watersheds health. water infiltration in soil is also one of the determinant factors on runoff generation for which many techniques were used to improve it. however, the role of microorganisms for the improvement of water infiltration in soil has been less considered. the present study therefore tried to investigate the effe...

Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs which are used for treating malignant cells cannot distinguish between normal and cancerous cells. This would lead to adverse side effects. Moreover, drug resistance is another major problem of the classical chemotherapy during the treatment period. Recently, various therapeutic strategies have been developed for cellspecific targeting of anti-neoplastic drugs. Amon...

Immunotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors. Previously, we constructed an immuno-carboxy terminal fragment of Bid (immuno-tBid) and reported its specific and effective destruction of HER2-positive tumor cells. In this study, in order to further reduce the immunogenicity of the previous immuno-proapoptotic protein, w...

Excessive immune responses directed against foreign pathogens, self-antigens, or commensal microflora can cause cancer establishment and progression if the execution of tight immuno-regulatory mechanisms fails. On the other hand, induction of potent tumor antigen-specific immune responses together with stimulation of the innate immune system is a pre-requisite for effective anti-tumor immunity,...