Effective cancer treatment to prevent the tumor growth as well as to stop its recurrence is the dream of oncologists. Currently available therapeutic measures like, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, often suffer from severe toxicity and lack of specificity of the drug towards tumor cells. Another promising approach is the 'immunotherapy', in which either the immune system is activated by tumor vac...

Abstract Microbial colonization of the mammalian intestine elicits inflammatory or tolerogenic T cell responses, but mechanisms controlling these distinct outcomes remain poorly understood, and accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant immunity to intestinal microbiota is causally associated with infectious, malignant diseases. Here we define a critical pathway fate versus cells respond exp...

background : the current study was designed to evaluate immune responses induced by dna vaccines encoding 8-kda subunit of antigen b (hydi) of echinococcus granulosus and murine interleukin 12 (il-12) as genetic adjuvants in balb/c mice. methods : expression plasmid pcdna3.1 containing hydi (pchyd1) as vaccine along with the murine interleukin 12 (pcmil12) as adjuvant were used. thirty-five mic...

Context: Vaccination is considered as the most cost effective method for the prevention of human diseases. For this prevention method, we need certain substances to increase or boost the antibody as well as cell-mediated immune response against various bacterial as well as viral pathogens. Until now, alum was considered as the safest adjuvant for human use, licensed by the United States Food an...

Brucellosis is caused by the bacterium Brucella and affects various domestic and wild species. GroEL (Heat Shock Protein 60kDa) as one of the major antigens that stimulate the immune system, increases Brucella survival. The aim of the current study was to clone and express GroEL in Escherichia coli in order to design subunit vaccine. Amplifying was performed using specific primers. The full-len...

RhD antigen is the most immunogenic and clinically significant antigen of red blood cells after ABO system. It has historically been associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) which is now routinely prevented by the administration of polyclonal anti-D immunoglobulin. This management of HDN has proven to be one of the most successful cases of prophylactic treatment based on antibody ...

Background: CE is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus worldwide and is associated with economic losses among livestock animals. EG95 is an immunogenic antigen from the E. granulosus. Lactococcus lactis has been prested as a safe vehicle for antigen delivery. The goal of this study was to design a novel L. lactis strain displaying EG95 as a vaccine delivery system. M...

We develop mathematical models for the role of hepatitis B e-antigen in creating immunological tolerance during hepatitis B virus infection and propose mechanisms for hepatitis B e-antigen clearance, subsequent emergence of a potent cellular immune response, and the effect of these on liver damage. We investigate the dynamics of virus-immune cells interactions, and derive parameter regimes that...

In this investigation found a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, two different of antigens such as whole cell antigen and nucleotide antigens were prepared and injected into the experimental fish(Catla catla) groups and control for the study of cell mediated immune response and cell mediated immune response. Cell mediated response analysed by T cell counts as whole bacterial ant...