Illicit drug abuse and HIV/AIDS have increased rapidly in the past 10 to 20 years in China. This paper reviews drug abuse in China, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its association with injection drug use (IDU), and Chinese policies on illicit drug abuse and prevention of HIV/AIDS based on published literature and unpublished official data. As a major drug trans-shipment country with source drugs from...

BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been increasing among Australian Indigenous young people for over two decades. Little is known about the association between alcohol and other drug use and sexual risk behaviours and diagnosis of STIs among this population. METHODS A cross-sectional, community based self-administered survey was conducted among young Aboriginal people aged...

introduction: supplies of illegal drugs play determinant roles in developing new cases, relapse after treatment and some health criteria. recently, iran has encountered an illicit new coming drug which belongs to opioids. this article presents the crack supply in retail market in tehran.   method: this qualitative study was conducted in 2009 in tehran. in-depth interviews with drug dealers, dru...

BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological data show an increased trend of official estimates for syphilis infection in the general population. Many of the infected cases remain undetected leaving an underestimation of the true prevalence of syphilis in the general population, but also among subpopulations such as illicit drug users. There is limited epidemiological data published on the proportion and ...

BACKGROUND There is growing evidence about illicit use of buprenorphine in the U.S. The study aims to: (1) identify prevalence and predictors of illicit buprenorphine use in a community sample of 396 young adult (18-23 years old) non-medical users of pharmaceutical opioids and (2) describe knowledge, attitudes and behaviors linked to illicit buprenorphine use as reported by a qualitative sub-sa...

BACKGROUND This study examined associations between perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among a large nationally representative sample of U.S. high school seniors. METHODS Data come from Monitoring the Future (2007-2011), an annual cross-sectional survey of U.S. high school seniors. Students reported neighborhood illicit drug selling...

This study focuses on polydrug use among American college students. Based on a secondary analysis of data originally collected in 1993 from a large representative sample of 4-year college students, (N = 17,592), this analysis compares four subgroups of young adult drug users: exclusive binge drinkers, users of illicit drugs, those with both heavy use of alcohol and illegal drugs (polydrug users...

Truncated models are indirect methods to estimate the size of a hidden population which, in contrast to the capture-recapture method, can be used on a single information source. We estimated the coverage of a tuberculosis screening programme among illicit drug users and homeless persons with a mobile digital X-ray unit between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2005 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, u...

Years-of-school is negatively correlated with illicit drug use. However, educational attainment is positively correlated with IQ and negatively correlated with impulsivity, two traits that are also correlated with drug use. Thus, the negative correlation between education and drug use may reflect the correlates of schooling, not schooling itself. To help disentangle these relations we obtained ...

Concentrations of d,l-methadone were determined in blood samples from people arrested for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID), users of illicit drugs, and methadone-related deaths. In drug overdose deaths (N = 346), mean (median) and highest concentrations of methadone in femoral blood were 0.53 mg/L (0.40 mg/L) and 6.7 mg/L, compared with 0.46 mg/L (0.30 mg/L) and 3.7 mg/L in non-poiso...