PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nasal polyps is a common ENT disease with high medical failure and recurrence rate, reflecting unknown pathogenesis. The present review is an update on the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps. RECENT FINDING Several mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of nasal polyps, including allergy, mucosal allergy, autonomic imbalance, nitric oxide, superantigens, infection, ab...

Constitutive expression of IL9 in the lungs of transgenic (Tg) mice resulted in an asthma-like phenotype consisting of lymphocytic and eosinophilic lung inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and mast cell hyperplasia. Several T(h)2 cytokines including IL4, IL5 and IL13 were expressed in the lung in response to Tg IL9. IL13 was absolutely necessary for the development of lung pathology. To understa...

El estudio genético de las enfermedades autoinmunes de base poligénica (artritis reumatoide, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, etc) ha evolucionado desde la identificación, mediante estudios de ligamiento, de regiones del genoma implicadas en la susceptibilidad, a la identificación dentro de esas zonas, mediante estudios de asociación, de las variantes concretas en genes específicos que están...

Objective(s): Helicobacter pyloriare among most common human pathogens affecting at least half of the world’s population. Mobility is one of the important primary factors in bacterial colonization and invasion. The purpose of this research is cloning, expression, and purification of FlaA protein specific epitopes in order to evaluate their antigenicity and immunogenicity. Materials and Methods:...

This prospective longitudinal study aimed at comparing maternal immune response among naturally conceived (NC; n = 25), in vitro fertilization (IVF; n = 25), and egg donation (ED; n = 25) pregnancies. The main outcome measures were, firstly, to follow up plasma levels of interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL17, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), transform...

T helper 2 (Th2) cells are pivotal in the development of allergy. Allergen exposure primes IL-4+ Th2 cells in lymph node, but production of effector cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13 is thought to require additional signals from antigen and the environment. Here we report that a substantial proportion of naive CD4+ T cells in spleen and lymph node express receptors for the epithelium-derived i...

BACKGROUND Statins are widely used to treat hyperlipidaemia. Their immunosuppressive effect has recently been confirmed in various immune mediated disease models. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on allergic inflammation, so the precise mechanisms of their actions against allergies have not been fully clarified. On the other hand, the role of interleukin (IL)17 in immune resp...

Naïve T helper cells differentiate into Th1 and Th2 subsets, which have unique cytokine signatures, activators and transcriptional targets. The Th1/Th2 cytokine milieu is a key paradigm in lineage commitment, and IL-4 (Il4), IL-13 (Il13) and Stat6 are important mediators of Th2 development. We show here, for the first time, that this paradigm applies also to mammary epithelial cells, which unde...

Hints from existing data suggest that deviations from scaling behavior should appear at momenta ]q21 ;G (20 GeV2). We interpret the deviations as due to structure of the hadronic constituents at 10 -IL5 cm . and make experimental predictions. The observed scaling behavior for deep inelastic electron scattering suggests that hadrons may be composed of point-like spin l/2 constituents (partons) f...

According to the current paradigm, allergic airway inflammation is mediated by Th2 cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines. Since allergic inflammation is self-limited, we hypothesized that allergen challenge simultaneously induces anti-inflammatory genes to counter-balance the effects of Th2 cytokines and chemokines. To identify these putative anti-inflammatory genes, we compared the gene ex...