Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is known as a main factor contributing to fetomaternal mortality, which might affect 2-8% of all pregnancies after the twentieth week of gestation. The balance of T helper subsets is essential to sustain a normal pregnancy and preventing fetomaternal complications. Objective: To investigate differences in the levels of transcription factors and cytokine gene e...

the pathogenesis of bipolar i disorder (bp-i) involves immune-mediated mechanisms, especially an imbalance in pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. interleukin-1 (il-1) gene cluster, coding some of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, might play a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. the aim of the present study was to investigat...

The macrophage-derived cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) can provide a second signal with antigen to elicit production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by helper T cells. The pathway(s) involved remains controversial, with protein kinase C and cyclic AMP (cAMP) invoked as possible second messengers. In the murine thymoma EL4.E1, IL-1 could synergize with the phosphoinositide pathway, because the cells made ...

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology associated with the expansion of IL-2-producing activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes. A number of factors including the recently described IL-18 have been implicated in IL-2 expression in vitro. We investigated the role of IL-18 in IL-2 expression in sarcoidosis. Eighteen individuals with sarcoidosis and 15 normal controls were studied. IL-18...

Abstract The type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 reside within a tandem multi-gene cluster in mammals. These cytokines represent the hallmark of immune responses controlling parasites, promoting tissue repair as well causing allergic diseases. Both innate adaptive lymphocytes secrete with discordant production spectra. However, how those two related but distinct configure exten...

objective(s):with regard to pharmacological effects of carvacrol on the respiratory system, its effect on cytokines genes expression in splenocytes of asthmatic mice was examined in this study. materials and methods:splenocytes were isolated from non-sensitized (control group), sensitized mice to ovalbumin (ova) (group s), and s animals treated with dexamethasone, and three concentrations of ca...

objective(s): interleukin-12 (il-12) as a cytokine has been proved to have a critical role in stimulating the immune system and has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy. chitosan as a polymer, with high ability of binding to nucleic acids is a good candidate for gene delivery since it is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-allergenic polysaccharide. the objective of the...

Activation of T cells induces the production of T cell growth and survival factor interleukin (IL) 2. Regulatory T cells intrinsically fail to induce IL-2 expression upon activation and can suppress IL-2 production in conventional T cells. Thus, the control of IL-2 expression is critically important to T cell immune responses, yet the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Nuclear factor (N...

We have developed a novel liposome-mediated immunogene therapy using interleukin 2 (IL-2) and B7.1 in a murine bladder cancer model. A carcinogen-induced murine bladder cancer cell line, MBT-2, was transfected with cationic liposome 1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-dimethyl-hydroxyethyl ammonium bromide/dioleolylphosphatidylethanolamine and IL-2 plasmid. The optimized transfection condition generated ...