Banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus; BM), one of the major envenomation species in Taiwan, contains neurotoxic venom proteins (BM proteins), that poses a serious medical problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Even though horse-derived serum is an efficient therapy against snake venom, it is associated with high cost and side effects. Therefore, developing a more cost-effective alternat...

Objective(s): Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are one of the primary causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in humans, pigs, and sheep. IgY technology has been identified as a promising alternative to generating a mass amount of specific antibody for use in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. The purpose of this study was to produce specific antibody by egg yolk antibody (IgY...

Background: Cholera toxin (CT), responsible for the harmful effects of cholera infection, is made up of one A subunit (enzymatic), and five B subunits (cell binding). The release of cholera toxin is the main reason for the debilitating loss of intestinal fluid. Inhibition of the B subunit (CTB) may block CT activity. Objective: To determine the effect of anti CTB-IgY against oral challenge with...

The aim of this study was to confirm the feasibility using hybrid immunoglobulin-binding reagents in ELISAs for IgG/IgY detection and specific antibodies against an infectious microorganism (Salmonella spp.) various animal species a universal diagnostic ELISA. Hybrid bacterial proteins (IBP), including recombinant protein LA, LG, AG, have been produced improve their binding affinity much larger...

objective(s): enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains are one of the primary causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in humans, pigs, and sheep. igy technology has been identified as a promising alternative to generating a mass amount of specific antibody for use in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. the purpose of this study was to produce specific antibody by egg yolk antibody (igy...

background: cryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protozoan that functions as important causa­tive agent of diarrhea in human and animals. the host's immune response to surface anti­gens of c. parvum has been previously demonstrated. in this respect, the role of humoral immu­nity in the development of host protective immunity against this protozoon has been well demon­strated. methods: the effe...

objective: helicobacter pylori is a spiral, microaerophilic gram negative bacterium, that multiplies and causes infection in human gastric mucosal layer. h.pylori infection, followed by destruction of gastric epithelial tissue, leads to gastric chronic inflammation, which can cause gastric and peptic ulcers. new approaches have focused on using specific treatments, such as immunotherapy, to era...

The 1957-58 International Geophysical Year (IGY) is regarded by many as the threshold of mankind’s entry into space exploration. Now 58 years later, we understand and can describe in detail the five complete solar cycles since then, and the differences between them. We know that the Earth’s magnetic field has changed, causing changes in our planet’s space weather shield. The Earth’s atmosphere ...