A software architecture that interfaces a concurrent logic programming system to a Prolog database machine is described. The concurrent logic programming system connects a guarded clause inference engine with a definite clause inference engine to support concurrent execution of mutually invoking guarded and definite clause programs. An interface to a Prolog database machine allows the concurren...

Horn formulas are a subclass of CNF expressions, where every clause contains at most one unnegated variable. This class is tractable in the sense that many problems that are hard for CNF expressions in general are polynomially solvable for Horn formulas (such as satisfiability and equivalence). It is partly for this reason that Horn formulas are of basic importance in artificial intelligence an...

A dependency parsing method based on sentence segmentation into clauses has been proposed and confirmed to be effective. In this method, dependency parsing is executed in two stages: at the clause level and the sentence level. However, since a sentence can not be segmented into complete clauses, in the past research, a unit sandwiched between two clause-end boundaries (clause boundary unit) was...

The following terminology will be used. The clause containing the ellipsis (dann besbI£he ieh immer den Peter "then I always -vts# Peter" in ( 1b)) is called ellipsis clause. The constituent --other than dann ("then"), immer ("always") and possibly other particles-that remains expressed in the ellipsis clause is called the remnant (den Peter "the Peter") . The clause from which the elided infor...

This paper reports about the development of clause identification and classification techniques for Bengali language. A syntactic rule based model has been used to identify the clause boundary. For clause type identification a Conditional random Field (CRF) based statistical model has been used. The clause identification system and clause classification system demonstrated 73% and 78% precision...

In §1, I will show that the protasis-referring reading has a number of unusual properties which are not present under other readings of the conditional. In §2, I will present the classic type of analysis for these conditionals, what I term the MOVEMENT ANALYSES. Under these analyses, the if -clause is at some point an argument of the verb. I will show that movement analyses do not adequately ac...

Bayes nets are formal representations of causal systems that many psychologists have claimed as plausible mental representations. One purported advantage of Bayes nets is that they may provide a theory of counterfactual conditionals, such as If Calvin had been at the party, Miriam would have left early. This article compares two proposed Bayes net theories as models of people's understanding of...

Building on the framework of Maggi and Rodr̀ıguez-Clare (1998), this paper will explore whether a small country facing domestic political pressures values joining a trade agreement with flexibility in the form of an escape clause (a feature included in many trade agreements, including the WTO). More specifically, this paper will examine if a government would prefer to join a trade agreement with...

In Malagasy, a head-initial Austronesian language of Madagascar, basic clauses consist of a predicate phrase combined with a DP constituent which I will refer to here as the trigger (also known as the subject). When the predicate phrase is headed by a verb, that verb inflects for voice to indicate the grammatical function of the trigger. The examples in (1) below illustrate the various voice fo...