Disease biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes are most likely within an extremely low concentration range and are thus masked by the presence of high‑abundance proteins. Therefore, removing high‑abundance proteins is the main challenge for identifying disease biomarkers. In addition, the solution obtained from high‑abundance protein depletion kits contains a rich array of compounds,...

Even though isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a very useful technique for sample concentration and separation, it is challenging to extract separated samples for further processing. Moreover, the continuous sample concentration and separation are not possible in the conventional IEF. To overcome these challenges, free flow IEF (FFIEF) is introduced in which a flow field is applied in the direction ...

ABSTRACT Taylor's spatial frame (TSF) and Ilizarov external fixators (IEF) are two circular external fixator commonly used to address complex deformity and fractures. There is currently no data available comparing the biomechanical properties of these two external fixators. This study looks into the mechanical characteristics of each system. TSF rings with 6 oblique struts, 4 tube connectors, 4...

An analytical technique has been developed for the isoelectric focusing (IEF) of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) in agarose gels containing urea. Under these conditions, vWF freely enters the gel and focuses without artifact. The focused vWF is visualized by staining fixed gels with 125I-labeled affinity-purified heterologous antibody. Utilizing a pH gradient of 5.0-6.5, normal vWF in plasma...

Analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) has been applied to the study of the apolipoprotein components of rat serum high density and very low density lipoproteins. The apolipoproteins were separated on 7.5% polyacrylamide gels containing 6.8% urea, with a pH gradient of 4-6. The middle molecular weight range apolipoproteins were identified on IEF gels by the use of apolipoproteins purified by ele...

BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) isoelectric focusing (IEF) can be used to detect abnormalities in the biosynthesis of core 1 mucin-type O-glycans. METHODS We studied plasma samples from 55 patients with various primary defects in N- and/or O-glycosylation, 21 patients with secondary N-glycosylation defects, and 6 patients with possible glycosylation abnormalities. Furthermore, we a...

The major insecticide resistance mechanism in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens involves overproduction of esterases. Esterases purified from a resistant strain appeared as a ladder of bands on isoelectric focussing (IEF) gels from pI 4.7 to 5.0. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that isozymes ranged in size from 66 to 68 kDa with those of lower pI being apparently smaller. All isoz...

We used isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gels to investigate the effects of glutathione on the sub-bands of serum creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme MM in acute myocardial infarction. The intensity of the "abnormal" sub-bands c (pI 7.25), e (pI 6.85), and g (pI 6.50) increased, and that of the "normal" sub-bands 1 (pI 6.91), 2 (pI 6.65), and 3 (pI 6.35) decreased, following ...

The presence of specific enzymes in the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of eight gadoid fish species has been investigated following isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the 3.5-9.5 pH range. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-3PD) allowed the differentiation of most of the gadoids tested, even in the case of closely related species belonging to the genus Merluccius. I...

Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for characterizing the structure of the 0.2 and 1 molar aqueous trimethylammonium chloride solutions. Atomic charges were derived through the CHELPG and RESP fits to the molecular electrostatic potentials calculated for the cation in water at the IEF-PCM/B3LYP level using the 6-31G* and 6-311++G** basis sets. Maxima and minima o...