although intellectual property rights (iprs) in this era specially after the constitution of world trade organization (wto) have been concerned from economic and commercialization point of view, human rights perspective to iprs has been increased and so, human rights groups have highlighted certain challenges between iprs and human rights, have tried to adjust economic perspective and have soug...

The United States International Trade Commission has recently experienced a dramatic increase in patent infringement investigations under section sign 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. In fact, the number of patent enforcement actions submitted to the ITC has nearly doubled in the last five years. Patent holders are selecting this forum because of its speedy proceedings and its ability to award br...

I n recent years, globalization has forced a deeper appreciation of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) law and global health. The threat of an emergent avian bird fl u pandemic led to calls for Roche to relax patent restrictions on oseltamivir, a drug with potential effi cacy against bird infl uenza [1,2]. In the context of the fall 2001 anthrax attacks, the US government faced...

Choosing a hard-to-guess secret is a prerequisite in many security applications. Whether it is a password for user authentication or a secret key for a cryptographic primitive, picking it requires the user to trade-off usability costs with resistance against an adversary: a simple password is easier to remember but is also easier to guess; likewise, a shorter cryptographic key may require fewer...

It is an important concern that innovators by waiving their patent rights might obstruct the disclosure of knowledge and therefore retard progress. This paper explores this concern by using a simple model of two innovators who must decide sequentially whether to protect an innovation with limited patent rights. Two features are crucial to the disclosure decision. First: the second inventor may ...

Secret sharing is a new alternative for outsourcing data in a secure way. It avoids the need for time consuming encryption decryption process and also the complexity involved in key management. The data must also be protected from untrusted cloud service providers. Secret sharing based solution provides secure information dispersal by making shares of the original data and distributes them amon...

The patent laws confer exclusive rights in inventions and discoveries in furtherance of a constitutional purpose "To Promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts."' Yet the idea that exclusive rights in new knowledge will promote scientific progress is counterintuitive to many observers of research science, who believe that science advances most rapidly when the community enjoys free access ...

Similar document detection is a well-studied problem with important application domains, such as plagiarism detection, document archiving, and patent/copyright protection. Recently, the research focus has shifted towards the privacy-preserving version of the problem, in which two parties want to identify similar documents within their respective datasets. These methods apply to scenarios such a...