This paper proposes security algorithms which are used to mitigate the Media Access Control (MAC) layer Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in WLAN infrastructure networks. This work is aimed to attend the DoS attacks due to the susceptibility of the MAC layer’s management frames. The management frames are sent unencrypted; this makes the intruder easily spoof the MAC address of the client or Acces...

Many cases of severe environmental contamination arise from historical episodes, where recalcitrant contaminants have resided in the environment for a prolonged time, leading to potentially decreased bioavailability. Use of bioavailable concentrations over bulk chemical levels improves risk assessment and may play a critical role in determining the need for remediation or assessing the effectiv...

The Inert Doublet Model (IDM) is one of the simplest extensions beyond Standard (SM) with an extended scalar sector, which provides a dark matter particle candidate. In this study, we investigated double charged Higgs production at collider. By scanning whole parameter space, obtained points corresponding to correct relic abundance matter. After applying all theoretical and experimental constra...

We study the fluctuations in brightness temperature of 21-cm signal [Formula: see text] at dark ages ([Formula: text]) with a matter (DM) candidate Inert Doublet Model (IDM). then explore effects different fractions IDM DM on signal. The masses are chosen few tens GeV region as well high mass beyond 500 GeV. It has been observed that is more sensitive range 70–80 A lower bound annihilation cros...

We present cross-section expectations for various processes and collider options, benchmark scenarios of the Inert Doublet Model, a Two Higgs Model with dark matter candidate. The proposed are consistent current constraints, including most recent bounds from XENON1T experiment relic density, as well known low-energy limits. These benchmarks, chosen in earlier work studies at $e^+e^-$ colliders,...

In the arena of modern electrical power distribution systems, distributed generators (DGs) are emerging as a manifestation electric personalization. Even though DGs have various advantages, unintentional islanding phenomena caused by during abnormal grid operations can damage equipment connected to grid. Therefore, detection mechanisms essential for in grid-connected mode disconnect DG from cas...

A novel methodology is presented for performing sensitivity analyses of assembled plate structures using the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The main novelty this work that exact implicit derivatives BEM formulations have been derived first time and incorporated into a newly developed Implicit Differentiation (IDM), enabling to be conducted more complex realistic in accurate, robust, efficient m...

We examine the relic density of light mass dark matter region in inert doublet model (IDM) when dominant process is due to co-annihilation between lightest neutral scalars model. The full one-loop electroweak corrections are computed an on-shell scheme and found be well approximated as effective cross-section expressed terms $Z$-observables. subdominant which consists annihilation into $W$ off-...

An image difference structure is created that include of image regularization, feature derivation, and feature grouping. Based on this structure image difference measure is created by selecting exact implementations for each of the steps. An image difference prediction is then calculated using image difference features (IDFs) that are derived from the images. The input images are then regulariz...