The visual system must learn to infer the presence of objects and features in the world from the images it encounters, and as such it must, either implicitly or explicitly, model the way these elements interact to create the image. Do the response properties of cells in the mammalian visual system reflect this constraint? To address this question, we constructed a probabilistic model in which t...

Inspired by social-cognitive and dialogical theory of identity the research was focused on identity dynamics. It was assumed that there are two basic factors which influence identity organization: first, basic motives underlying identity formations which are: self-esteem, efficacy, continuity, distinctiveness, belonging and meaning (Vignoles et al, 2006); second, dialogical activity as an intri...

this research considers the recognition and evaluation of identity formation process in new towns, with special reference to hashtgerd new town in iran, located in some 65 kilometers distance on the west of tehran, the capital. the construction of hashtgerd new town and people settlement was started in more than 15 years ago. the concept of city identity, its divisions and elements, explanation...

We consider decidability problems associated with Engel’s identity ([· · · [[x, y], y], . . . , y] = 1 for a long enough commutator sequence) in groups generated by an automaton. We give a partial algorithm that decides, given x, y, whether an Engel identity is satisfied. It succeeds, importantly, in proving that Grigorchuk’s 2-group is not Engel. We consider next the problem of recognizing Eng...

Abstract In this paper, we exhibit that, in an incline L, the greatest element ‘1’ is the multiplicative identity for the elements of DL, the set of idempotent elements in L. We have discussed the invertibility of matrices over DL and for matrices over an integral incline. We have obtained equivalent conditions for regularity of a matrix over an incline whose idempotent elements are linearly or...

We compute the growth series and the growth functions of reducible and pseudo–Anosov elements of the pure mapping class group of the sphere with four holes with respect to a certain generating set. We prove that the ratio of the number of pseudo–Anosov elements to that of all elements in a ball with center at the identity tends to one as the radius of the ball tends to infinity.