illus., no price given. The author, to whom we are indebted for a most interesting history of Spanish obstetrics and several historical monographs, has focussed his interest on the 'enlightened' Ruiz de Luzuriagas, father and son, Basque physicians like the author. The father emerges as a great defender of smallpox inoculation, widely practised in Spain before Jenner's vaccination was universal...

What are the exact aspects of the videogame medium, the precise features or combinations of features that lend themselves to expressing ideas and meaning? To chart this out, I begin with an American legal case that serves as a foundation for the basic issues involved and then move on to show how this relates to some of the broader attitudes the world of videogame discourse. Based on this, I bre...

Hughlings Jackson's neurological ideas are scientifically valid and practically useful. He began by emphasizing the focal lesion as the key to analysing patients' symptoms. He proclaimed that 'Epilepsy is the name for occasional, sudden, excessive, rapid, and local discharge of grey matter.' He eliminated any need for a direct appeal to metaphysical agents by asserting that the nervous system i...

Reward system can be considered the center of our body-mind equilibrium: we have medial reward, leading life, reproduction, needs, and willings; if this is not adequatly satisfied, dopamine is converted by dopa-beta-hydroxilase into catecolamines, and habenula regulates the balance so that lateral reward risk to become prevalent, with activation of HPA axis (hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal...

A workshop for NIME 2013 is proposed on haptic interaction design for musical applications. The focus lies primarily on using physical models for programming haptic force feedback. During the workshop, participants will program the FireFader haptic device using the Synth-A-Modeler physical modeling framework, which combines elements from digital waveguide, mass-interaction, and modal synthesis....

Innovation is the creation of intellectual assets; intellectual assets are distinguished by nonconvexities. But different nonconvexities affect outcomes differently. Provided knowledge is finitely expansible, nonrivalry causes no difficulties for the existence and expost efficiency of competitive equilibrium. However, the minimum-size indivisibility in creating intellectual assets renders compe...