Modern radiotherapy relies on accurate dose delivery to the prescribed target volume. The ICRU has recommended an overall accuracy in tumour dose delivery of ±5%, based on an analysis of dose response data and on an evaluation of errors in dose delivery in a clinical setting. Considering all uncertainties involved in the dose delivery to the patient, the ±5% accuracy recommendation is by no mea...

To understand the performance of a sensor or make a choice between different sensors for a detection task it is important to have an understanding of how the recorded signals are generated. In the case of sensing ionizing radiation, signals are generated after the incoming radiation has undergone interactions within the sensor material. The types of interactions and the subsequent resultant par...

Penyinaran radioterapi pada kanker serviks diperlukan perencanaan. Treatment Planning System (TPS) untuk memaksimalkan dosis serap sel dan meminimalkan organ sekitar. Untuk mengetahui distribusi maka simulasi menggunakan Monte Carlo. Carlo metode probabilistik karena perjalanan foton secara acak heterogenitas yang diradiasi. Pemodelan phantom dilakukan mengacu ukuran tubuh wanita dewasa di Asia...

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice has a significant prevalence, and in severe cases, causes permanent neurological Sequela. Many studies have carried out on neonatal jaundice and its predisposing and exacerbating factors. On the other hand, delivery method (cesarean vs vaginal) has been suggested as a predisposing factor for many of neonatal complications in many studies. The aim of this study i...

ion is not something which the mind produces by processes of logic from its perception of reality, but rather a property of the categories with which it operates—not a product of the mind but rather what constitutes the mind. We never act, and could never act, in full consideration of all the facts of a particular situation, but always by singling out as relevant only some aspects of it; not by...

Linear programming has many important practical applications, and has also given rise to a wide body of theory. See Section 38.9 for recommended sources. Here we consider the linear programming problem in the form of maximizing a linear function of d variables subject to n linear inequalities. We focus on the relationship of the problem to computational geometry, i.e., we consider the problem i...

The city of Cork has become widely known in the TEX community, ever since it gave name to an encoding developed at the European TEX conference of 1990. The ‘Cork’ encoding, as it became known, was the first example of an 8-bit text font encoding that appeared after the release of TEX 3.0, and was later followed by a number of other encodings based on similar design principles. As of today, the ...

Background: Internet disease management has the promise of improving care in patients with heart failure but evidence supporting its use is limited. We have designed a Heart Failure Internet Communication Tool (HFICT), allowing patients to enter messages for clinicians, as well as their daily symptoms, weight, blood pressure and heart rate. Clinicians review the information on the same day and ...

Vision is useful because it informs us about the physical environment. In the case of colm~ two distinct functions are generally emphasized (e.g., Jacobs, 1981; Mollon, 1989). First, color helps to segment objects from each other and the background. A canonical task for this function is locating fruit in foliage (Regan et al., 2001; Sumner & Mollon, 2000). Second, color provides infm' mation ab...