نتایج جستجو برای: ice
تعداد نتایج: 53535 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
[1] Amodel study has been conducted of the unprecedented retreat of arctic sea ice in the summer of 2007. It is found that preconditioning, anomalous winds, and ice-albedo feedback are mainly responsible for the retreat. Arctic sea ice in 2007 was preconditioned to radical changes after years of shrinking and thinning in a warm climate. During summer 2007 atmospheric changes strengthened the tr...
Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world's oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measureme...
Based on density functional calculations we predict water ice to attain two new crystal structures with Pbca and Cmcm symmetry at 7.6 and 15.5 Mbar, respectively. The known high-pressure ice phases VII, VIII, X, and Pbcm as well as the Pbca phase are all insulating and composed of two interpenetrating hydrogen bonded networks, but the Cmcm structure is metallic and consists of corrugated sheets...
Recent advances in the determination of the mass balance of polar ice sheets show that the Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass by near-coastal thinning, and that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, with thickening in the west and thinning in the north, is probably thinning overall. The mass imbalance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is likely to be small, but even its sign cannot yet be determined. Lar...
Space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been widely used to produce ice concentration (type), ice motion, ice charting (operational route planning), and iceberg detection. Recent availability of polarimetric SAR sensors (e.g., TerraSAR-X, RADARSAT-2, and ALOS PALSAR) enables us to explore the full potential of polarimetric data to derive sea ice information. Among the many sea ice ...
Air-sea-ice interaction processes in the Southern Ocean are investigated utilizing space-observed surface winds, sea ice concentration, and sea surface temperature (SST) from September through December, 1996. The sea ice edge (SIE) shows three ice-extent maxima around the Antarctic during September and October when sea ice coverage is maximum. They are located in the central Indian Ocean, east ...
Antarctic ice shelves are the floating extensions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, covering around 40% of the continental shelf. The cavities beneath the ice shelves are important to the climate system through their contribution to the production of the globally important Antarctic Bottom Water. However, they remain some of the most difficult areas of the world ocean to access. Many of the processes...
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