BACKGROUND Genetic testing for inherited mutations in breast cancer genes provides valuable information for disease prevention. Today, premenopausal women with increased risk for breast cancer have only limited nonsurgical options to reduce their risk. METHODS The GISS trial, a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase II trial, assessed the feasibility of a preventive treatment with gosereli...

Non-union is a major clinical problem in the healing of fractures, especially in patients with osteoporosis. The systemic administration of drugs is time consuming and large doses are demanding and act slowly, whereas local release acts rapidly, increases the quality and quantity of the bone tissue. We hypothesize that local delivery demonstrates better therapeutic effects on an osteoporotic fr...

8 Abstract 9 Background In the present study, we undertook an 10 equivalence analysis on the effectiveness of the main anti11 reabsorptive agents indicated for women with osteoporosis. 12 Methods Our methodology was a combination of meta13 analysis (both pair-wise meta-analysis and network meta14 analysis) and equivalence testing. The end-point was the 15 incidence on new vertebral fractures. T...

A drugs are an essential part of the management and prevention of the risk of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE). The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has produced guidelines to assist in reducing this risk.1 The risk of fatal embolism after high-risk surgery is 1-5%. In orthopedic and gynecological surgeries anti-thrombotics are widely used because VTE in patients underg...

n engl j med 355;22 www.nejm.org november 30, 2006 2278 N bisphosphonates are used widely for the management of metastatic cancer in bone (intravenous zoledronic acid or pamidronate), for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (oral alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate and intravenous ibandronate), for the treatment of Paget’s disease of bone (intravenous pamidronate and oral alendro...

Mixtures of ibandronate monosodium salt with eleven gluco- and/or galacto-pyranoside derivatives as counterions were designed to prepare co-crystals with improved intestinal absorption. In general, gastrointestinal absorption of bisphosphonates after oral administration is approximately 1%. Co-crystals were generated by means of thermodynamically and/or kinetically controlled crystallization pr...

After the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476, scientific progress in Europe had come to a standstill. This era between fall of Rome and the Renaissance is commonly known as the dark ages. However, from the 8th till 13th century, scientific and cultural knowledge had flourished in the Islamic world. This period, which began soon after the establishment of the Abbasid Khalifate in Baghdad in the ...

The adverse events of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are reviewed. Oral bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate and ibandronate), mainly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, have been associated with adverse events from the upper gastrointestinal tract, acute phase response, hypocalcaemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, musculoskeletal pain, osteonecrosis of the jaw and ocular ...

Bisphosphonates are the standard treatment for hypercalcemia of malignancy. We hypothesized that bisphosphonate treatment and the subsequent fall in serum calcium might induce changes in the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bone resorption. Soluble RANKL and OPG levels were measured in the serum of 15 hypercalcemic patients at baseline and on 5 consecutive ...