[1] Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes control energy, water, and pollutant exchanges between the surface and free atmosphere. However, there is no observation‐ based global PBL climatology for evaluation of climate, weather, and air quality models or for characterizing PBL variability on large space and time scales. As groundwork for such a climatology, we compute PBL height by seven met...

We present a valid-time extension of SQL and investigate its efficient implementation on an Object-Relational database system. We propose an approach where temporal queries are expressed using a point-based time model, which only requires minimal extensions to SQL:1999. Our prototype system called TENORS (for Temporal ENhanced Object-Relational System) maps the external point-based temporal que...

BACKGROUND The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is cryptic species complex composed of numerous species. Individual species from the complex harbor a diversity of bacterial endosymbionts including Wolbachia. However, while Wolbachia is known to have a number of different roles, its role in B. tabaci is unclear. Here, the antibiotic rifampicin is used to selectively eliminate Wolbachia from B. tabaci so ...

Functional programming is a good idea, but we haven’t got it quite right yet. What we have been doing up to now is weak (or partial) functional programming. What we should be doing is strong (or total) functional programming in which all computations terminate. We propose an elementary discipline of strong functional programming. A key feature of the discipline is that we introduce a type disti...

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSRC) is a distinct type of posterior uveitis originally described in the 1940s. Its characteristics include minimal anterior segment inflammation and diffuse posterior choroidopathy with vitritis and retinal vasculitis. The precise etiology of this disease is yet to be elucidated. However, various treatment modalities have been employed with the ultimate goal of d...

Are Student Exchange Programs Worth It? The number of university students participating in exchange programs has risen sharply over the last decade, but a survey of Swiss university graduates (class of 1999 and 2001) shows that participation in student exchange programs significantly prolongs the period of time spent studying at university. Given this fact, the advantages of exchange programs f...

limited water for irrigation and the coincidence of early growth of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) with the late growth of winter cereals in the northeast (ne) of iran, force farmers, to allocate their limited irrigation water to the cereal crops and thus their sugar beet crop is subjected to an early water stress. finding cultivars which are able to withstand early water stress without a si...