OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum magnesium levels with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use and other factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 151 patients admitted with acute diseases in the Internal Medicine Division of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, after the exclusion of conditions that are commonly associated with hypomagnesemia...

The EMPA-REG OUTCOME study reported that a sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin suppresses cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes [1]. It is noteworthy in this study that a reduction in hospitalization due to heart failure and death from CV was observed soon after the start of treatment. This rapid effect is difficult to explain by the slow-acting ...

BACKGROUND Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is due to disturbed renal and intestinal magnesium (Mg(2+)) (re)absorption. The underlying defect is a mutation in the transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6), a Mg(2+)-permeable ion channel expressed in the kidney and intestine. Our aim was to characterize homozygous (-/-) and heterozygous (+/-) TRPM6 knockout mice with respe...

Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC12A3 and characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia. Long-term prognosis and the role of gene diagnosis in GS are still unclear. To investigate genotype-phenotype correlation in GS and Gitelman-like syndrome, we enrolled 34 patients who showed hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis without s...