Introduction: Bupivacaine is used most commonly for spinal anesthesia, however the major concern longer duration and cardiotoxicity, that led us to find safe alternative with shorter duration. Hence, we compared routinely hyperbaric bupivacaine recently available ropivacaine in terms of block characteristics caesarean section (CS).Objective: To compare efficacy safety anesthesia elective CS pri...

Background: One of the alternatives for lower-limb orthopedic surgery is spinal anesthesia. It can affect hemodynamic status and cause prolonged motor sensory blocks, as well urinary retention, which are less common in unilateral technique. Different drugs used to improve quality block reduce its complications. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, fentanyl, an opioi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of sensory block, onset and duration of motor block, postoperative analgesia, and adverse effects of combination of clonidine and fentanyl given intrathecally with hyperbaric bupivacaine (HB). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred and twenty eight patients were randomized into four groups. Group bupivacaine (group B) received 15...

Background: Spinal magnesium has been found to prolong the duration of analgesia in various surgical procedures. Spinally administered neostigmine causes analgesia in animals and humans by preventing the breakdown of synaptically released acetylcholine, The present study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of either intrathecal magnesium sulfate or neostigmine added ...