bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis, is a disease of humans in which the colonic epithelium is invaded by bacteria and subjected to inflammatory destruction. the aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction(pcr) test for detection of virulent shigella spp.. for this purpose, the primers were designed to amplify a 526-bp internal region of the shigella spp. icsa gene, which encod...

3450 bovine from different breeds and ages were clinically examined for the presence of arthritis. 120 cases showed macroscopic evidences of arthritis. mycoplasma spp were isolated from synovial fluid of 21 affected animals. in addition to mycoplasma spp. arcanobacterium pyogenes and staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from 2 cases. the synovial fluid was markedly increased, straw color, t...

Promoting themselves as “Factors of Reliable Tablets” in their advertisements, the Philadelphia pharmaceutical firm of H. K. Mulford compounded pain-relieving Analgine. Stacked in corked cylinders of glass (above), these five-grain compressed tablets were targeted at relieving migraine, neuralgia, and rheumatic pains. Marketed by 1896 as “a most reliable analgesic” that would “not depress the h...